.\" spec -  -*- Indented-Text -*- created at: Tue May 25 15:18:26 JST 1993

* Ϥ(ʤRuby?)

RubyϡUNIXǼڤ˥֥Ȼظץߥ󥰡פ򤷤Ȥ˾
¸뤿ޤ줿. ΤɬפȻפ줿:

    * ʸˡ䵡ǽñǤ.
    * ֥Ȼظץߥ󥰤򥵥ݡȤ뵡ǽ
      ĸȤ߷פƤ.
    * 󥢥饦ɥबû(󥿥ץ꥿Ǥ).
    * OS(UNIX)εǽñѤǤ.
    * ץȸȤƻȤ.
    * ϤfreeǤ.

ʤɤǤ. ֥ȻظȤưŪǤSmalltalkC++ʤɤ
ξΰƤϤ뤬, ä˼ڤʥץߥ󥰤Ȥ˷
Ƥ, ʾξƤΤǤϤʤä. ץȸ
ǤPerl Tcl˥֥Ȼظǽɲäƥ¸ߤ뤬, 
ϡּڤ˥ץߥ󥰡פȤƤϤƤ, դ˥
Ȼظǽä. ä, ξ
򿷤߷פɬפȹͤ줿. Ƨޤ߷פ줿Ruby
ħ:

    * 󥿥ץ꥿Ǥ.
    * ñ㳰ξʤʸˡ.
    * ʬʥ֥Ȼظǽ.
    * Ǥ񤭤䤹(黻ҷʤ).
    * ١쥯.
    * 㳰ǽ.
    * ʬ˶Ϥʥ饹Ȥ߹ޤƤ.
    * OS򥢥뵡ǽ󶡤.
    * ĥ䤹.

ʤɤ. RubyshPerlΤäƤͤˤȤäƤξＱˤʤ뤿ä
Τ, θ줫μʰܹԤǽǤȻפ. ץޤ
RubyΥ֥ȻظǽˤĤƳؤ٤, 궯ϤʤȤǤ褦
ʤ.

Cǥ饹᥽åɤ򵭽Ҥ, ɲä뤳ȤRuby򹹤˶Ϥˤ
뤳ȤǤ. ΥץåȥեǤRubyưŪ˥֥ȥե
󥯤Ǥ뤷, ǤʤƤRubyƥѥ뤷Ȥ߹ߥ
ɲäΤưפǤ(PerlʤɤϤ뤫ưפǤ).

* Rubyδ

RubyδŪʬ˾, ʸˡ㳰ʤΤǿȤˤĤΤ
ۤ񤷤ʤ.

** 

ץȸνˤʤ餤, ʸʳ'#'ޤǤϥ
ȸʤ.

** ڤ국

ʸ(֤ȥڡ)Ӳ(\n)ڤ국Ȥʤ. ,

    a +
    b

Τ褦˹Ԥ(ʸ)ǽ, ιԤ³Ȥʾʳϲ
ʸζڤȤǧ.

** ̻

ե٥åȤ`_'ǻϤޤ, ե٥å, , `_'Ǥդ¤Ӥϼ
̻ҤǤ. ̻ҤĹ¤Ϥʤ.

** ͽ

ͽϰʲ̤Ǥ

  break		elsif		module		self		when
  case		end		nil		super		while
  class		ensure		protect		then		yield
  continue	for		redo		undef		__END__
  def		if		resque		unless		__FILE__
  do		in		retry		until		__LINE__
  else		include		return		using

ͽϥ饹̾, ᥽å̾, ѿ̾ʤɤѤ뤳ȤϤǤʤ.

** 롼ԥ

ϳ̤ˤäƥ롼ԥ󥰤뤳ȤǤ. ˳ˤϼ¤Ӥ
񤱤. ¤Ӥ򵭽Ҥ, ȼζڤˤϲԤ ';' Ѥ. 
¤ӤͤϺǸɾͤǤ. Ĥޤ

    (; ; ...)

ͤϺǸɾͤˤʤ.

** ƥ

ʲΥƥ뤬 ϼǤ.

   ʸƥ

        "..."   # ХååβѿŸ
        '...'   # Хååβʤ(\\\'ϲ᤹)

        Хåå嵭ˡ

                \t      (0x09)
                \n      ʸ(0x0a)
                \r      ʸ(0x0d)
                \f      ڡʸ(0x0c)
                \b      Хåڡ(0x08)
                \a      ٥(0x07)
                \e      (0x1b)
		\#	ʸ`#'Τ
              \nnn      8ʿɽ(n0-7)
              \xnn      16ʿɽ(n0-9,a-f)
               \^c      ȥʸ(cASCIIʸ)
              \C-c      ȥʸ(Ʊ)
              \M-c      ᥿ʸ(c|0x80)

    ɽƥ

             /.../

    ɽ

                 ^      Ƭ
                 $      
                 .      Ǥդ1ʸ
                \w      ѿ. [0-9A-Za-z_]Ʊ
                \W      ѿ
                \s      ʸ. [ \t\n\r\f]Ʊ
                \S      ʸ
                \d      . [0-9] Ʊ
                \D      
                \b      춭ʸ(ʸ饹)
                \B      춭ʸ
                \b      (0x08)(ʸ饹)
               [ ]      ʸ饹
                 *      ľɽ0ʾη֤
                 +      ľɽ1ʾη֤
             {m,n}      m󤫤nη֤
                 ?      0ޤ1
                 |      
               ( )      ɽޤȤ

        ¾ʸƱХåå嵭ˡͭǤ.

   ͥƥ

               123      
              -123      (Ĥ)
             1_234      (10ʿ`_'ޤळȤǤ)
            123.45      ư
            1.2e-3      ư
            0xffff      16
              0377      8
                ?a      ʸ`a'Υ(97)
             ?\C-a      ȥaΥ(1)
             ?\M-a      ᥿aΥ(225)
          ?\M-\C-a      ᥿-ȥaΥ(129)

        ?ɽǤƤΥХåå嵭ˡͭǤ.

*** ѿŸ

֥륯(`"')ǰϤޤ줿ʸɽǤ `#{ѿ̾}'Ȥ
ѿƤŸ뤳ȤǤ. ѿѿ(`$',`@',`%') 
ľˤ`#ѿ̾'ȤǤŸǤ. ʸ`#'³ʸ 
`{'Ǥʤ, ѿǤʤ, Τޤ`#'ȤƲᤵ.

** ޥɤν

``ǰϤޤ줿ʸ, ֥륯ȤƱͤŸ줿, Ʊ
褦˥ޥɤȤƼ¹Ԥ, μ¹Է̤ʸȤͿ. 
ޥɤɾ뤿Ӥ˼¹Ԥ.

** 

󼰤ϰʲηǤ.

    [ , ... ]

줾μɾ̤ޤ֤. Ǥ0뤿
ˤ϶

    []

Ѥ.

** Ϣ

ϢȤǤդΥ֥Ȥ򥭡(ź)ȤƻƤǤ. Ruby 
ǤϢSmalltalkѸڤDict()ȤƤФ. ܺ٤ϥ
饹Dictι򻲾Ȥ줿. ϢϢ󼰤ϰʲη
.

    { =>, ... }

줾μɾ̤򥭡ͤȤϢ󥪥֥Ȥ֤. 
Ǥ0Ϣ뤿ˤ϶Ϣ

    {}

Ѥ.

** ѿ

ѿˤ4ढä, μѿ̾κǽΰʸǷꤵ. 
Ƥʤѿ򻲾ȤͤnilǤ.

  饹ѿ()

    `%'ǻϤޤѿϥ饹ѿǤ, Υ饹ƤΥ֥饹
    󥹥󥹤黲ȤǤ. ѿؤϥȥåץ٥, ʤ
    ᥽åɤǤ٥ǤΤ߲ǽǤ. ѿϥ饹֤
    ͤͭ, ȥ᥽åɤͤѹ뤳ȤǤ
    Τ,ȤѤ.

  󥹥ѿ

    `@'ǻϤޤѿϥ󥹥ѿǤ, Υ饹ޤϥ֥
    Υ᥽åɤ黲ȤǤ. μ̿ϥ֥Ȥμ̿.

  Хѿ

    `$'ǻϤޤѿΥפϥХǤ, μ̿ϥץ
    μ̿.

  饹̾/⥸塼̾/ѿ

    ե٥åȤޤ`_'ǻϤޤѿϼ̻ҤȤƤФ, 
    ѿ, 饹̾ޤϥ⥸塼̾Ǥ.

    ֤Ǥϼ̻Ҥϥ饹/⥸塼̾Ȥߤʤ뤬(륯
    ¸ߤʤͤnil), κդ˸줿̻Ҥ,Υ
    ǤϥѿȤƸʤ, Ʊ̾Υ饹⥸塼
    . ΰ̣Ǽ̻ҤؤȤƤƯ.

        Array       		# 󥯥饹 Array
        Array = 15		# . ʸArrayϥѿ
        print(Array, "\n")	# `15'Ϥ

    ϥѥ˲ᤵ뤿, ̻Ҥؤºݤ˼
    ԤƤ, ʤƤ, ʹߤΥǤϤμ̻Ҥϥ
    ѿȤߤʤ.

        Array       		# 󥯥饹 Array
        if %FALSE
          Array = 15    	# Υɤϼ¹Ԥʤ,
				# ʹArrayϥѿȤߤʤ.
        end
        print(Array, "\n")  	# `nil'Ϥ

    Υ롼ϰ츫ʣ, 饹/⥸塼̾ȥѿ̾
    ʣʤ¤, ̤ΥѿͤnilǤȹͤƤ⺹
    ٤Ϥʤ.

    RubyȤ߹ߥ饹ʸΥե٥åȤǻϤޤ̾ĤƤ
    , 桼⥯饹/⥸塼̾ˤʸǻϤޤ뼱̻Ҥ, 
    ѿ̾ˤϾʸޤ`_'ǻϤޤ뼱̻ҤȤȤ򶯤侩.

    ѿμ̿ϤΥ᥽åɤλޤ(ȥåץ٥Υ
    ѿϥץνλޤ)Ǥ.

˵ѿȸƤФüѿ4Ĥ. 

      self   | ߤΥ᥽åɤμ¹Լ
       nil   | Nil饹ͣΥ󥹥(ɽ)
    __FILE__ | ץȤΥե̾(ʸ)
    __LINE__ | ߤιֹ

εѿˤäƤͤѹ뤳ȤϤǤʤ. 
ѿؤ㳰ȯ.

** å

֥Ȥ˥åŪʹʸåǤ, δ
ܷϰʲ̤Ǥ.

    1.᥽å̾(...)

        1ɾ륪֥Ȥ, ̻Ҥǻꤵ᥽
        ɤƤӽФ. ֺǸΰ'*'³(ñ)Ǥ, 
        μɾ(Ǥɬפ)Ÿ, Ȥ
        ɲä.

        Ĥʤˤϳ̤άǤ.

᥽å̾ȤƤǤդμ̻ҤѤ뤳ȤǤ. ѿ̾Ȥϼ̻Ҥ
֤̾㤦ΤǽʣƤ⹽ʤ.

** ؿ

å, 쥷Фselfξ, 쥷Фά̾Υץ
ߥ󥰸ˤؿΤ褦ʷǥ᥽åɤƤӽФȤǤ. 
ξ1ĤʤǤ̤ξάϤǤʤ.

ؿǤ`@'ǻϤޤ̾ĥ᥽åɤƤӽФȤǤ. `@'
Ϥޤ᥽åɤϴؿǤƤӽФȤǤʤ, 륯
ޤ, Υ֥饹餷ƤФʤΤ, ץ饤١ȥ᥽åɤ
ƤФ. ץ饤١ȥ᥽åɤC++ˤprotected member function
.

** ѡ饹Υ᥽åɸƤӽФ

åüʥȤƥѡ饹Υ᥽åɤθƤӽФ
. ηϥ᥽åɤ˥ѡ饹Ѥ뤿
˻Ȥ.

    super

        ߤΥ᥽åɤͿ줿Τޤޥѥ饹Ʊ̾Υ᥽
        ɤƤӽФ.

    super(...)

        ȤȤ˥ѡ饹Ʊ̾Υ᥽åɤƤӽФ. ֺǸ
        ΰ`*'³̾Υ᥽åɸƤӽФƱͤϤ.

** 黻

ץߥ󥰤ؤΤ˰Υ᥽åɸƤӽФ湽¤ϱ黻ҷ
Ȥ. Rubyˤϰʲˤ黻Ҥ. ΤΤۤɷ̤, 
Ʊα黻Ҥη̤ƱǤ.

      -(unary)  +(unary)  !  ~
        **
        *  /  % 
        +  -
        <<  >>
        &
        |  ^
        >  >=  <  <=
        <=> ==  !=  =~  !~
        &&
        ||
        .. ...
        ::
        =() (+=, -=, ..)
      yield

ۤȤɤα黻ˤϥ᥽åɸƤӽФȤƲᤵ(饹˺
Ǥ), ǤʤüʤΤ. Ǥʤü黻
Ҥ

    	&&(), ||(), =(), ...(ϰϻ), 
	yield(֥åƤӽФ)

5ĤǤ.
  
Ǥü黻Ұʳα黻ҷϥ᥽åɸƤӽФȸʤ.
ñ黻(+, -, !, ~)

    1."黻"()

Ȥ, 2黻Ҥ

    1."黻"(2)

˲ᤵ. ¿黻(λȤ[])ϱ黻ҷ̤ʷȤ

    recv[arg..]

,

    recv."[]"(arg..)

Ȳᤵ. ǤؤƱͤ

    recv[arg0..] = argn

,

   recv."[]="(arg0.., argn)

Ȳᤵ.

** Ｐ

if, unless, while, untilξȽμ, ü黻`&&', `||',
`...'ξդμ, ̾黻`!'αդϾＰȸƤФ. ＰǤʸ
ɽƥϼ$_=~ƥפξάǤȤߤʤ. 
黻`...'ξդǤ$.==פξάȲᤵ.

: 黻`!'ü黻ҤǤϤʤΤ, Ԥʤ˵Ĥ
뤳. 

	! ʸƥ
	! ɽƥ

ηǸƤӽФ᥽åɤΰ, ƥɽ֥ȤǤϤʤ, 
嵭Ӥη̤Ϳ.  Τ, §Ū`!'᥽åɤϺ
ʤɤȻפ.

** 

ˤѿФ(), ץñˤ뤿Υ
å奬ȤƤ. ϰʲηǤ.

    ѿ = 

ϼɾ, ѿͤȤ. 饹⥸塼䵿ѿ
ˤǤʤ. 饹⥸塼ѹ뤿ˤclassʸ,
moduleʸѤ. ϱ黻ҷȤäƤ뤬, ᥽åɤǤϤʤ
Ǻ뤳ȤϤǤʤ.

󥿥å奬ȤƤϰʲΤΤ.

  Ǥؤ

    1[2,..] = n

    1ɾ륪֥Ȥ, 2鼰nޤǤȤ
    , "[]="Ȥ᥽åɤƤӽФ.

  °

    1.̻ = 2

    1ɾ륪֥ȤФ"̻="Ȥ᥽
    ɤ, 2ȤƸƤӽФ.

  

    1 op= 2     # 1ǽǤʤФʤʤ.

    ηŪˡּ1 = 1 op 2פŸ, ¹Ԥ. 
    ἰ12ɾΤ, Ѥͽۤʤ̤Ƥ
    ǽ. ϥץޤΥ׿򸺤餹ŪΤ
    ¸ߤǤ. opȤƻȤ黻Ҥ

        +, -, *, /, %, **, &, |, ^, <<, >>

    11Ǥ. 黻Ҥ`='δ֤˥ڡƤϤʤ.

*** ¿

ƱʣѿԤʤȤǤ. ηϰʲ̤Ǥ.

    ѿ, [ѿ,...] =  [, ]

դμĤʤ, ͤȤ(ɬפʤto_a᥽
ɤѴ), Ǥ򤽤줾ѿ. ʳξˤ, 
줾μͤѿ. դѿοȱդǤο
ʤˤ­ʤѿˤ nil, ;äǤ̵뤵.

    foo, bar = [1, 2]		# foo = 1; bar = 2
    foo, bar = 1, 2		# foo = 1; bar = 2
    foo, bar = 1		# foo = 1; bar = nil

    foo, bar, baz = 1, 2	# foo = 1; bar = 2; baz = nil
    foo, bar = 1, 2, 3		# foo = 1; bar = 2

** ʬ

  if 1 [then]
    ʸ1 
  [ elsif 2 [then]
    ʸ2 ]... 
  [ else 
    ʸn ]
  end [ if ]

    Ƚʸ. else if ǤelifǤʤelsififϢ³ԤʤȤ
    դ뤳.

  unless 1 [then]
    ʸ1 
  [ else 
    ʸ2 ]
  end [ unless ]

    1(nil)֤, 2ɾ㳰ȯʸ1ɾ
    .

  1 && 2

    1ɾ, ͤ(nilʳ)Ǥ, 2ɾ.

  1 || 2

    1ɾ, ͤǤ, 2ɾ.

  1 ... 2

    1ˤʤޤǤϵ֤, θϼ2֤ޤǤϿ֤. 
    2ˤʤо֤ϵ

  case 0
  [ when 1 [, 2]...
    ʸ1 ]...
  [ else
    ʸn ]
  end [ case ]

    ʬ, CswitchPascalcase˻Ƥ. breakæФ뤳
    Ȥʸ˷³뤳ȤʤΤ.

    ΰפϡּn =~ 0]ǹԤʤ. Ĥޤ,

         case expr0
         when expr1, expr2
           stmt1
         when expr3, expr4
           stmt2
         else
           stmt3
         end

    ϰʲifʸǤ.

          _tmp = expr0
          if expr1 =~ _tmp || expr2 =~ _tmp
            stmt1
          elsif expr3 =~ _tmp || expr4 =~ _tmp
             stmt2
          else
             stmt3
          end

** ֤

  while 
    ʸ
  end [ while ]

    郎δ, ʸ򷫤֤¹Ԥ.

  until 
    ʸ
  end [ until ]
  1 until 2

    (nil)֤, ɾ㳰ȯ, ʸ򷫤֤
    Ԥ.

** ƥ졼

ƥ졼Ȥ湽¤(ä˥롼)ݲΤѤ᥽åɤ
Ǥ. ƥ졼θƤӽФϰʲιʸǹԤʤ.

  do
    ʸ1
  using ѿ
    ʸ2
  end [ do ]

    ʸ2פ֥åȤꤷ, ʸ1Υ᥽åɤ򥤥ƥ졼Ȥɾ
    . ʸ1Υȥåץ٥Υ᥽åɤƥ졼ȤƸƤӽФ, 
    쥷Фɽ, μϥƥ졼ȤƤϸƤӽФʤ. ʸ
    1ʣμгơƥ졼Ȥƽ˸ƤФ.

ƥ졼yield value¹Ԥ, ͤdoʸǻꤵ줿ѿ
֥å¹Ԥ. ֥åμ¹ԤλȤͤ
yieldͤȤ֤. ᥽åɤƥ졼ȤƸƤӽФ줿
ɤϴؿiterator_p()Τ뤳ȤǤ. ˤEnumerable⥸塼
grep᥽åɤΤ褦˥ƥ졼ȤƸƤФ줿̤Υ᥽åɤȤ
ƸƤФ줿Ȥưۤʤ᥽åɤ⤢.

  for ѿ in 
    ʸ
  end [ for ]

    γǤФʸ¹Ԥ. ϰʲdoʸǤ.

        do ().each using ѿ
          ʸ
        end

    äƼͤΥ֥Ȥ᥽åeachʤ, for¹
    㳰ȯ.

** 㳰

ͽʤ֤ȯˤ㳰ȯ. RubyǤ㳰
ª, ƻԤ, Ԥʤäꤹ뤳ȤǤ.

  protect
    ʸ1
  [ resque
    ʸ2 ]
  [ ensure
    ʸ3 ]
  end [ protect ]

    ʸ1¹Ԥ, μ¹㳰ȯresqueǻꤵ줿ʸ2
    ¹Ԥ. ensure᤬¸ߤprotectʸλɬ(
    ｪλǤʤ, 㳰, return, break, continue, redoʤɤˤ
    æФǤ)ʸ3¹Ԥ.

protectʳ, unless黻, until黻Ҥϱդͤ㳰ȯ
, դͤȤƵͿ줿ȸʤΤ, ۤ㳰
ԤʤäƤ뤳Ȥˤʤ.

** æ

  return []

    ᥽åɤμ¹Ԥλ. 

  continue
  redo
  break

    嵭3Ĥϥ롼ǻȤ.

    continueϤäȤ¦Υ롼פμη֤Ϥ. redoϥ롼
    Υ롼׾ΥåԤʤ鷺, ߤη֤ľ. break
    ϥ롼פæФ. CȰ㤤, breakϤäȤ¦Υ롼פæФ
    Ѥ, caseȴѤϻʤ.

  retry

    protectʸresqueǻȤ, protectʸϤᤫ¹Ԥ. 㳰
    ԤʤäƤƻԤΤ˻Ȥ.

  fail([å])       * Kernel饹Υ᥽åɤǤ.

    㳰ȯ. åͿ줿ˤȯե
    ̾, ֹ$@˥å$!˥åȤ.

** ƥ졼ǤΥ֥åƤӽФ

  yield 

    ƥ졼ǥ֥åθƤӽФԤʤ. yield¹Ԥ᥽
    ɤƥ졼ȤƸƤӽФƤʤˤ㳰ȯ.

** 饹

饹빽ʸϰʲ̤Ǥ.

   class 饹̾ [ : ѡ饹̾ ]
       
   end [ class ]

ͤnil. 饹̾ʸǻϤޤ뼱̻ҤǤ. 饹ΥͥȤϤ
ʤΤ¾ʸǤϥ饹Ǥʤ.

** ⥸塼

⥸塼빽ʸϰʲ̤Ǥ.

   module 饹̾
       
   end [ module ]

⥸塼̾ʸǻϤޤ뼱̻ҤǤ. 饹Ʊ, ⥸塼
ͥȤǤʤ.

** 󥯥롼

饹˥⥸塼򥤥󥯥롼ɤ빽ʸϰʲ̤Ǥ.

   include ⥸塼̾ [, ⥸塼̾...]

ߤΥ饹ޤϥ⥸塼(ȥåץ٥ǤObject)˻ꤷ
⥸塼򥤥󥯥롼ɤ. ˤä¿ŷѾ򥨥ߥ졼ȤǤ.

** ᥽å

̾(ðۥ᥽åɤǤʤ)᥽åηϰʲ̤Ǥ. ̾᥽
ϥͥȤǤʤΤ, ᥽åʸǤϥ᥽åʸƤӸ
ӽФʤ.

    def ᥽å̾ [ (  [, ...][, * ] ) ]
        
    end [ def ]

᥽å̾ϼ̻ҤޤʸǤ. 黻Ҥκ򤹤ˤʸ
ǻꤹ.  ¤ӤκǸ`*', ¿Ϳ줿
°, ǸΰȤͿ(­ʤˤϥ顼).

** ðۥ᥽å

᥽åˤϤ⤦ðۥ᥽åɤ. ϰʲ̤Ǥ
.

   def .᥽å̾ [ (  [, ...][, * ] ) ]
       
   end [ def ]

ηϼͤǤ륪֥Ȥðۥ᥽åɤ. ͤ
(ӥȥ󥯥饹Ǥʤ)̾索֥Ȥ, 饹ޤϥ⥸塼Ǥ
ɬפ. ̾᥽åȤϰۤʤ, ϥ᥽åǤ
ȤƸƤӽФȤǤ.

ðۥ᥽åɤΥ֥Ȥˤ°᥽åɤǤ. ä̾
ϷѾʤ, 㳰Ȥƥ饹ðۥ᥽åɤϤΥ֥饹ˤ
. ؤХ饹ðۥ᥽åɤ¾Υ֥Ȼظ
ˤ륯饹᥽åɤƯ򤹤.

** ᥽åɤ̾

ʲηǥ᥽åɤ̾Ĥ뤳ȤǤ.

   def ᥽å̾1 ᥽å̾2

̾դ줿᥽åɤ, λǤΥ᥽åѤ, Υ
åɤƤ, Ť᥽åɤƤӽФ줿ΤƱƯ
.

** ᥽åä

᥽åɤäˤundefѤ.

   undef ᥽å̾

̻Ҥޤʸǻꤷ᥽åɤä.

defˤ̾undefˤäȤȥ饹Υ󥿥ե
򥹡ѥ饹Ωѹ뤳ȤǤ. , ʬȤ˥å
äƤդʤȴ¸Υ᥽åɤưʤʤǽ
.

* RubyȤ߹ߵǽ

Rubyץߥ󥰤δܤϥ饹, ⥸塼ȤΥ᥽åɤνǤ. 
RubyˤϽϤΤΤ˰ʲεǽȤ߹ޤƤ. 饤֥
ɤ뤳ȤˤäƵǽ뤬, ˴ؤƤϤ줾Υ饤֥
ΥɥȤ򻲾ȤƤ餤.

ü`+'ΤĤ᥽åɤϴؿ᥽åɤǤ.

** ؿ

Rubyˤϸ̩ʰ̣ǤϴؿϤʤKernel饹Υ᥽åɤΰ(
饹ؿǸƤӽФΤ), ؿŪѤ. ؿŪѤ
᥽åɤʲˤ. Υ᥽åɤݤˤϸߴ
ͤƹԤʤ٤Ǥ.

   _exit(status)						+

	ץμ¹Ԥλ. statusλơȤ.
	exit()Ȥϰä, 㳰ʤɤϰڹԤʤʤ. fork()θ, 
	ץλʤɤѤ.

   caller                                                       +
   caller(level)                                                +

        åե졼फ, ᥽åɤθƤӽФΥե
        ̾, ֹ, ǤȤ֤. levelͿ줿
        ϸߤΥåե졼levelʾξ֤.

   eof()							+

	ޥɥ饤󤫤ϤEOFãƤ, ֤.

   eval(expr)                                                   +

        exprȤͿ줿ʸrubyץȤƲ,¹Ԥ.

   exec(command)                                                +

        ߼¹ԤƤץλ, commandʸǻꤵ
        ̥ץư.

   exit([status])                                               +

        ץμ¹Ԥλ. statusȤͿ줿, 
        ͤRubyޥɤνλơȤ.  ǥեȤ0.

   fail([message])                                              +

        㳰ȯ. åͿ줿ˤϤ򥷥ƥ
        ѿ`$!'˥åȤ, ȯ֤򥷥ƥѿ`$@'˥åȤ.

   fork()                                                       +

        forkƥॳ¹Ԥ, ҥץ. ܺ٤
        fork(2)򻲾ȤΤ. ƥץ¦ǤϻҥץΥץid
        ֤, ҥץ¦Ǥnil֤. 餫θǻҥץ
        ˼Ԥˤ㳰ȯ.

   format(format, ...)                                          +

        եޥåȤȤͿ줿ʸCsprintfƱ褦
        ᤷ, Ÿʸ֤. ᥽åsprintf()̾.

	RubyˤformatҤγĥˤĤƤsprintf()ι򻲾Ȥ
	.

   getc()                                                       +

        ɸϤʸФ. ͤɤ߹ʸʸ
        (ASCII)ɽFixnumǤ.

   getenv(name)                                                 +

        name˳ĶѿФ.

   gets(pattern, replace)                                       +

        ȤͿ줿ե(ʤɸ)ɤ߹
        , ɤ߹ߤˤϤʸ֤. եν
        ãˤnil֤. Ԥζڤϥƥѿ`$/'ˤä
        ѹǤ. ɤ߹ʸϥƥѿ`$_'ˤ⥻åȤ.

   gsub()                                                       +

        ƥѿ`$_'λؤʸФִԤʤ. ʸ
        pattern˥ޥåʬreplace֤. String饹
        gsub᥽åɤβ򻲾ȤΤ.

   iterator_p()                                                 +

        ᥽åɤƥ졼ȤƸƤӽФ줿˿, Ǥʤ˵
        ֤Ҹ.

   kill(signal, pid...)                                         +

        pidǻꤵ줿ץ˥ʥ. ʥϥʥ
        椫̾ǻꤹ. ͤĥʥ(뤤ϥʥ̾
        `-')ͿȥץǤϤʤץ롼פ˥ʥ
        .

   load(file)                                                   +

        fileɤ. fileɤѥϥƥѿ$LOAD_PATH
        Ƿꤵ.

   open(file[, mode])                                           +

        file򥪡ץ󤷤, File֥Ȥ֤. ե̾ϥ
        󤹤ե򼨤. ե̾`|'ǻϤޤˤ³ʸ
        򥳥ޥɤȤƵư, ѥץ饤.

        ޥ̾"-"Ǥ, open()Rubyλҥץ, 
        λҥץȤΥѥפ֤.

        modeϥեΥ⡼ɤꤹ. ϰʲΤΤ
        줫ʸǤ.

            r   ɤ߹. openեϤ餫¸ߤƤ
                ɬפ.

            r+  ɤ߽ξ. openեϤ餫¸ߤƤ
                ɬפ.

            w   񤭹. ե뤬¸ߤƤ, Ĺ0ˤ
                . ¸ߤƤʤп˥ե.

            w+  ɤ߽ξ. ɤ߹ߤԤʤ뤳Ȱʳ"w"ƱƯ
                򤹤.

            a   ɲý񤭹. եϤ餫¸ߤƤɬ
                . 񤭹ߤϥեκǸɲä.

            a+  ɤ߽ξ. ե뤬¸ߤƤʤп˺
                . ֤ϥեκǸ˽.

        ⡼ɤά줿ΥǥեȤ"r"Ǥ.

   print(arg1, ..., argn)

        ˽Ϥ. Ϳʤˤϥ쥷ФϤ. 
        ʸʳΥ֥ȤȤͿ줿ˤ, 
	֥Ȥto_s᥽åɤˤäʸѴƤϤ.
        ƥѿ`$;'(ϥեɥѥ졼)nilǤʤͤ
        ȤƤˤ, ưδ֤ˤʸϤ. ƥ
        ѿ`$\'(ϥեɥѥ졼)nil ǤʤͤåȤ
        ˤ, ǸˤϤ.

   printf([port, ]format, arg1, ..., argn)                      +

        Cprintf()Ʊformat˽ʸѴ, Ϥ
        . 1IOΥ֥饹Υ󥹥󥹤ǤäϤΥ
        ֥ȤФƽϤԤʤ. ǥեȤ$stdout˽Ϥ.

	RubyˤformatҤγĥˤĤƤsprintf()ι򻲾Ȥ
	.

   rand(max)                                                    +

        0maxۤʤϰϤȯ. ͤFixnum.

   require(file)

	fileɤ. loadȤưΰ㤤requireϥɤե
	Υեѥѿ$LOAD_FILES˳ФƤ, ˥ɤե
	ϺƥɤʤǤ. ºݤ˥ɤˤ%TRUE, 
	˥ɤƤˤ%FALSE֤.

   select(reads[, writes[, execpts[, timeout]]])                +

        select(2)¹Ԥ. reads/writes/execptsˤIO(ޤϤΥ
        饹)Υ󥹥󥹤Ϳ.  timeoutFixnum / Float
        / TimeΤ줫ǻꤹ.  ͤtimeoutΩˤ
        nil, ǤʤȤ3Ǥ֤, γǤ//
        㳰ԤΥ֥ȤǤȤƻ.

   setenv(name, value)                                          +

        nameǻꤵĶѿvalue˥åȤ.

   sleep([sec])                                                 +

        secäץμ¹Ԥߤ. secά줿, ץ
        SIGALRMʤ¤, ʵפ˥꡼פ. ºݤ˥꡼
        פÿ֤.

   sprintf(format, ...)                                         +

        formatʸCsprintfƱ褦˲ᤷ, Ÿ
        ʸ֤. ᥽åformat()̾.


	formatҤCsprintf()դ(, Ruby
	 unsignedʤΤ, %uϽ)˲ä, %b, %B, %O, %XȤ
	ȤǤ. %bϿͤ2ɽ, %B, %O, %X, 줾, 2,
	8 , 16ʿɽԤʤ, ονκݤ2ɽ
	Ϥʤ, ɽƬ`-'ĤΤɽ.

   srand([])                                              +

        νͤꤷ, Ť֤ͤ. ͤά줿
        time(3)֤ͤǥեȤȤ.

   sub()                                                        +

        ƥѿ`$_'λؤʸФִԤʤ. ʸǺ
        pattern˥ޥåʬreplace֤. String饹
        sub᥽åɤβ򻲾ȤΤ.

   syscall(num, arg...)                                         +

	numǻꤵ줿ֹΥƥॳ¹Ԥ. 2ʹߤ
	ƥॳΰȤϤ. ʸޤǤʤ
	ʤʤ.

   system(command)                                              +

        ޥɤ¹Ԥ, νλơ֤.

   trap(command, signal...)                                     +

        signalγߤäcommand¹Ԥ.  signalϥ
        ʥ̾ʥֹ. commandȤSIG_IGNޤIGNORE
        ˤϤΥʥ̵뤹(ǽʤ). SIG_DFLޤ
        DEFAULTꤷϥǥեȤưԤʤ.

   wait()                                                       +

        ҥץλΤԤ, λҥץpid֤. 
        ҥץĤʤnil֤.

   waitpid(pid, flags)                                          +

        λҥץνλԤ, Υץλ˿
        . ҥץ¸ߤʤ, Υ֥å󥰥⡼ɤǻҥץ
        ޤλƤʤˤnil֤. waitpid(2)wait4(2)
        ƤʤޥǤflagsϤĤnilޤ0ǤʤФ
        ʤ.

** ƥѿ

   $!           顼å. fail()ꤹ.

   $@           顼ȯΥե̾ȹֹ椬

                    "ե:ֹ[:᥽å̾()]"

                ηǳǼ.

   $&           Ǹѥޥå

   $1..$9       Ǹѥޥånܤγ̤˥ޥå
                ͤǼ. ̤ʤniläƤ.

   $~           ǸΥޥå˴ؤ. 򥻥åȤ$&$1..$9
                ͤѲ.

   $=           ѿͤnilǤʤ, ѥޥåʸ
                Ӥǥե٥åȤʸʸ̤ʤ. ǥե
                Ȥnil(̤).

   $/           ϥ쥳ɥѥ졼. եʸФeach
                Ԥʤʬʸꤹ. $/˶ʸ("")ꤹ
                ñ̤ϤԤʤ, nilꤹΤ
                ɤ߹. $/ˤɽϻȤʤ. ǥեȤ
                "\n".

   $\           ϥ쥳ɥѥ졼. ѿʸꤹ
                write()print()٤˺ǸˤʸղäƽϤ
                . ǥեȤnil(ʤˤɲäʤ).

   $,		Array:join()ΥǥեȤζڤʸ. print()γư
		δ֤˽Ϥʸ.

   $;		String:split()ΥǥեȤζڤʸ.

   $.           Ǹɤϥեιֹ.

   $_           Ǹgets()ʤɤɤ߹ʸ.

   $0           rubyץȤ̾. ѿps(1)ν
		Ѳ.

   $*           rubyץȤͿ줿. rubyȤФ
                Ƥ.

   $$           ߼¹rubyץpid.

   $?           Ǹ˼¹Ԥҥץstatus.

   $ARGV        $*Ʊ.

   $ENV		Ķѿ˥Ϣ(EnvDict). ѿ
		 `for'Ԥʤѿ̾ͤΥڥͿ.

   $FILENAME    ؿgets()Ǹɤ߹Υե̾.

   $DEBUG	`-d'ե饰ξ()

   $LOAD_PATH   եɤ˸ǥ쥯ȥؤΥѥ
                ޤ. ưˤϥǥե(ѥ˻ꤹ
                )˲ä, ĶѿRUBYLIBͤrubyư-Iץ
                ǻꤵ줿ͤɲä.

   $stdin       ɸ
   $stdout      ɸ
   $stderr      ɸ२顼

   $VERBOSE	`-v'ե饰ξ()

   $VERSION     rubyΥС򼨤ʸ

** ƥ

   %TRUE        1(Fixnum)
   %FALSE       nil

        줾쿿ͤɽ. ȽǤnil, ʳƤͤ
        ȤȽǤ뤿, ֤ͤ᥽åɤ%TRUEʳͤ
        Τ¸ߤΤ, ӤѤΤŬڤǤʤȤդ
        Ǥ. 㤨мμϿˤʤʤ.

                (2 < 3) == %TRUE

        ᥽å"<"Ͽλ֤ͤΤ, ξͤ3Ǥ, 
        %TRUE1Ȥϰۤʤ. %FALSE˴ؤƤ, Τ褦
        ʤ.

** 饹/⥸塼

*** Array(饹)

źȤΥ饹Ǥ. ϰŪˤ``[...]''
Ԥʤ.

SuperClass: Object

Included Modules: Enumerable

Methods:

   self[nth]
   self[start..end]
   self[start, length]

        Ǥ˥. ǽηǤnthܤǤ
        ֤, 2ܤηǤstartܤǤendܤǤޤ
        ʬ֤. 3ܤηǤstartܤlengthĤǤޤ
        ʬ֤.

   self[nth] = val
   self[start..end] = val
   self[start, length] = val

        Ǥѹ. ǽηǤnthܤǤval
        ѹ. 2ܤηstartܤǤendܤǤޤǤ
        valѹ. 3ܤηǤstartܤlengthĤǤval
        ѹ.

        2, 3ܤηǤvalǤʤФʤʤ.

        :

          ary = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
          ary[0..2] = [0, 0] # Ƥ [0, 0, 4, 5]
          ary[1, 0] = [7]    # Ƥ [0, 7, 0, 6, 5]

   self + other

        Ϣ. selfotherξƤҤ
        ֤.

   self * times

        η֤.

   self << obj

        objɲä. self֤ΤC++ŪϢǤ.

   assoc(key)

        Ϣۥꥹ(2ǤǤȤ)򸡺, 1Ǥkey
        ("=="Ӥ)֤.

   clear

	礭0ˤ.

   delete(item)

	itemȰפǤ.

   delete_if

        Ǥ륤ƥ졼. ֥åɾͤλ, б
        Ǥ󤫤.

   each

        γǤͿ륤ƥ졼.

   fill(val)
   fill(val, start[, length])
   fill(val, start..end)

	(λꤵ줿ʬ)Ǥͤvalꤹ. 2֤η
	lengthά줿νޤǤĹȤ. ꤵ줿
	ʬ󤬸ϰϤۤϼưŪ˳ĥ.

   join([sep])

        ǤϢ뤷ʸ֤. ǤʸѴ, 
        sep򶴤Ϣ뤵. sepά줿ˤϥƥѿ`$,'
        ͤѤ.

   length

        Ĺ(ǿ)֤.

   push(obj)

        objɲä.

   pack(template)

        Ƥtemplateʸˤä, 1Ĥʸ˥ѥå
        . ѥåʸ֤. ƥץ졼ȤϷʸȤĹ
        (ά1)¤٤ΤǤ. ĹȤ`*'ꤵ줿
        ֻĤΥǡơפĹɽ.

        ʸϰʲΤΤ.

          a     ASCIIʸ(nullʸͤ)
          A     ASCIIʸ(ڡͤ)
          b     ӥåȥȥ(̥ӥåȤ̥ӥå)
          B     ӥåȥȥ(̥ӥåȤ鲼̥ӥå)
          h     16ʸ(̥˥֥뤬)
          H     16ʸ(̥˥֥뤬)
          c     char
          C     unsigned char
          s     sort
          S     unsigned sort
          i     int
          I     unsigned int
          l     long
          L     unsigned int
          n     ͥåȥХȥshort
          N     ͥåȥХȥlong
          f     ñư(¸)
          d     ư(¸)
          x     ʥХ
          X     1Хȸ
          @     а֤ؤΰư

   pop

        Ǥ, ֤.

   rassoc(value)

        Ϣۥꥹ(2ǤǤȤ)򸡺, 2Ǥ
        value("=="Ӥ)֤.

   shift

        ƬǤ, ֤.

   sort

        Ƥ򥽡Ȥ. ƥ졼ȤƸƤӽФ줿ϥ֥
        ɾͤǤ羮ꤹ. 礭, 
        0, . ̾Υ᥽åɤȤƸƤӽФ줿ϳ
        `<=>'Ӥ.

   to_a

	ʬȤ֤. оΤѰդƤ᥽åɤǤޤ
	򤯤ʤ.

   unshift(obj)

        objƬɲä.

*** Bignum(饹)

̵¿ĹΥ饹. 黻η̤FixnumϰǤˤϼ
ưŪ˥饹FixnumѴ. ŪRubyץǤFixnum 
BignumѴϰۤΤ˹ԤΤ, ռɬפ̵. FloatȤ
˴ؤƤ, Bignum Floatgenericity⤤Τˤؤ餺,
Bignum, 礭ͤɽǤΤ, Ѵ˷ǽ
.


SuperClass: Integer

Methods:

   self + other
   self - other
   self * other
   self / other
   self % other
   self ** other

        ѱ黻. 줾, , , , ;, Ѿ֤.

   ~ self
   self | other
   self & other
   self ^ other

        ӥåȱ黻. 줾ӥåȿž, , , ¾Ū¤
        ֤.

   self << bits
   self >> bits

        եȱ黻. 줾bitsӥåȤ˥ӥåȥեȤԤʤ.

   divmod(other)

	Ⱦ;2Ǥ֤.

*** Class(饹)

饹Υ饹. 긷̩ȥ饹ðۥ᥽åɤѾ뤿
, 줾᥿饹ȸƤФ̾Τʤ饹򥯥饹Ȥƻ,
ClassϤΥ᥿饹Υ饹Ǥ(ʬä?). , β⤬
ǤʤƤ, RubyȤȤ˲λپʤ.

SuperClass: Module

Methods:

   attr(name[, public])

	Υ饹Υ󥹥󥹤Фnameǻꤵ°. 
	ܤModuleattr᥽åɤι򻲾ȤΤ.

   new(...)

        饹Υ󥹥󥹤. ¿ξ礳Υ᥽åɤϥ֥
        饹ðۥ᥽åɤˤäƥС饤ɤ, 饹ˤäư
        ۤʤ.

*** Comparable(⥸塼)

 ӱ黻饹ΤMixin. Υ⥸塼򥤥󥯥롼ɤ뤳
 Ȥˤä, `<=>'¾α黻ҤϤѤ
 .

Methods:

   self > other

        selfother礭֤.

   self >= other

        selfother礭֤.

   self < other

        selfother꾮֤.

   self <= other

        selfother꾮֤.

   between(min, max)

        selfminmaxϰˤ֤.

*** DBM(饹)

NDBMե򥢥륯饹. , ǡȤʸǤʤФ
ʤȤ¤, ǡե¸ȤƤ 
Dict饹Ʊͤ˰ȤǤ. NDBMƤʤƥǤ
Υ饹ؤΥ㳰ȯ.

SuperClass: Object

Included Modules: Enumerable

Methods:

   self [key]

        key򥭡Ȥ֤ͤ.

   self [key]= value

        key򥭡Ȥ, valueǼ. valueȤnilꤹ,
        keyФܤκȤʤ.

   clear

	DBMեȤˤ.

   close

        DBMե򥯥. ʸ㳰ȯ.

   delete(key)

        key򥭡ȤȤ.

   delete_if

	Ǥ륤ƥ졼. [key, value]ȤͿ, ֥
	ɾͤλ, ܤ.

   each
   each_value

        ƤvalueФƷ֤ƥ졼.

   each_key

        ƤkeyФƷ֤ƥ졼.

   each_pair

        [key, value]ʤͿ륤ƥ졼.

   includes(key)
   has_key(key)

        keyǡ١¸ߤ, ֤

   has_value(value)

        valueͤȤȤǡ١¸ߤ, 
        ֤

   keys

        ǡ١¸ߤ륭Ƥޤ֤.

   length

	ǡ١Ǥο֤. (:ߤμ¸Ǥǿ
	뤿˥ǡ١Τ, 빽Ȥ⤤. 
	ĤƻȤ.)

   to_a

	ǡ١key-valueڥǤȤ֤.

   values

        ǡ١¸ߤƤޤ֤.

Single Methods:

   open(dbname[, mode])

        dbnameǻꤷǡ١⡼ɤmodeꤷƥץ
        . modeξάͤ0666Ǥ. modeȤnilꤹȥǡ
        ١¸ߤʤˤϿ˥ץ󤻤, nil֤.

*** Dict(饹)

񤢤뤤Ϣ. ǤդΥ֥ȤźȤǤΥ饹Ǥ
. HashȤ̾Ǥ⥢Ǥ. Ϣ󥪥֥Ȥϰ
ŪˤϢ``{a=>b,..}'' ǹԤʤ.

SuperClass: Object

Included Modules: Enumerable

Methods:

   self [key]

        key򥭡Ȥ֤ͤ.

   self [key]= value

        key򥭡Ȥ, valueǼ. valueȤnilꤹȤ
        keyФܤκȤʤ. Ĥޤ, DictͤȤnil
        ȤϤǤʤ.

   clear

	Ϣˤ.

   delete(key)

        key򥭡ȤȤ.

   delete_if

	Ǥ륤ƥ졼. [key, value]ȤͿ, ֥
	ɾͤλ, ܤ.

   each
   each_value

        ƤvalueФƷ֤ƥ졼.

   each_key

        ƤkeyФƷ֤ƥ졼.

   each_pair

        [key, value]ʤͿ륤ƥ졼.

   includes(key)
   has_key(key)

        key¸ߤ, ֤

   has_value(value)

        valueͤȤȤ¸ߤ, ֤

   keys

        ¸ߤ륭Ƥޤ֤.

   length

	Ǥο֤.

   to_a

	key-valueڥǤȤ֤.

   values

        ¸ߤƤޤ֤.

Single Methods:

   new

        ()񥪥֥Ȥ֤.

*** Directory(饹)

ǥ쥯ȥǤ֤ǥ쥯ȥꥹȥ꡼ΤΥ饹. 
DirȤ̾Ǥ⥢Ǥ.

SuperClass: Object

Included Modules: Enumerable

Methods:

   close

        ǥ쥯ȥꥹȥ꡼򥯥. ʸ㳰ȯ
        .

   each

        ǥ쥯ȥγǤͿ륤ƥ졼.

   getwd
   pwd

        ȥǥ쥯ȥ֤.

   rewind

        ǥ쥯ȥꥹȥ꡼Ƭ˥ꥻåȤ.

   seek(pos)

        ǥ쥯ȥꥹȥ꡼ΰ֤posꤹ.

   tell

        ǥ쥯ȥꥹȥ꡼θߤΰ֤֤.

Single Methods:

   chdir(path)

        ȥǥ쥯ȥpathѹ.

   chroot(path)

        ץΥ롼ȥǥ쥯ȥѹ, Ʊ̾Υƥॳ
        ƱƯ򤹤. ϼ¸uidѥ桼Ǥ
        ¤Ƥ. 롼ȥǥ쥯ȥ򸵤᤹(롼ȥǥ쥯
        ѹ)ˡ󶡤Ƥʤ.

   mkdir(path[, mode])

        modeǻꤵ줿⡼ɤĥǥ쥯ȥpath. ⡼
        umaskˤäƽ. modeΥǥեͤ0777.

   open(path)

        pathФǥ쥯ȥꥹȥ꡼򥪡ץ󤹤.

   rmdir(path)

        pathǻꤵ줿ǥ쥯ȥ. ǥ쥯ȥ϶Ǥ
        ɬפ.

*** Enumerable(⥸塼)

ǤФ뷫֤Ԥʤ饹ΤMixin. Υ⥸塼򥤥
롼ɤ뤿ˤ, ᥽å`each'ɬפ.

Methods:

   collect

        ǤФƥ֥åɾ̤ƴޤ֤

   find

        ǤФƥ֥åɾͤˤʤäǽǤ֤.

   find_all

        ǤФƥ֥åɾͤǤäǤƴޤ
        ֤.

   grep(pattern)

        pattern =~ ǡפΩƤǤޤ֤. 
        졼ȤѤ줿Ͼ嵭ξΩǤФƥ֥
        ¹Ԥ.

   includes(val)

	val`=='δطˤǤĻ, ֤.

   index(val)

	val`=='δطˤ륪֥Ȥܤ˸줿֤. 
	ֺǽǤ0ˤʤ. Ǥ¸ߤʤˤnil֤. 
	ʤ饹ФƤϤޤ̣ʤ.

   min

	ǾǤ֤. Ǥ`<=>'᥽åɤĤȤۤΤ
	˲ꤷƤ.

   max

	Ǥ֤. Ǥ`<=>'᥽åɤĤȤۤΤ
	˲ꤷƤ.

   reverse

        ƤǤս¤٤֤.

   sort

        ƤǤ򥽡Ȥ֤.

*** EnvDict(饹)

Ķѿ뤿Υ饹. ƥѿ$ENVͣΥ󥹥󥹤
Ƥ.

SuperClass: Object

Included Modules: Enumerable

Methods:

   [name]

	Ķѿ֤ͤ.

   [name]= val

	Ķѿͤvalꤹ. valȤnilꤷˤ, 
	Ķѿ.

   delete(name)

	Ķѿ.

   each

	Ķѿ̾ͤΥڥͿ륤ƥ졼.

*** Etc(⥸塼)

/etcǥ쥯ȥʲξ뤿Υ⥸塼. 饹˥󥯥롼
ƻȤȤǤ.

Methods:
Single Methods:

   getlogin

	ʬlogin֤̾. 줬Ԥgetpwuid()Ѥ
	ɤ.

   getpwnam(name)

	/etc/passwdե(뤤DBMեNISǡ١)
	, name̾passwdȥ֤. ͤpasswd¤
	ΤǰʲΥФ.

	  struct passwd
	    name 	# 桼̾(ʸ)
	    passwd	# ѥ(ʸ)
	    uid		# 桼ID()
	    gid		# 롼ID()
	    gecos	# gecosե(ʸ)
	    dir		# ۡǥ쥯ȥ(ʸ)
	    shell	# 󥷥(ʸ)
	    # ʹߤΥФϥƥˤäƤϤʤΤ⤢
	    change	# ѥѹ()
	    quota	# ()
	    age		# ()
	    class	# 桼饹(ʸ)
	    comment	# (ʸ)
	    expire	# ͭ()	    
	  end

	ܺ٤getpwnam(3)򻲾ȤΤ.

   getpwuid([uid])

	uid桼IDȤpasswdȥ֤. ͤgetpwnam()
	ƱͤǤ. άˤgetuid()ͤѤ. ܺ٤
	getpwuid(3)򻲾ȤΤ.

   getgrgid(gid)

	/etc/groupե(뤤ϡgetpwnam)򸡺, gid򥰥롼
	IDȤ륰롼ץȥ֤. ͤgroup¤Τǰʲ
	Ф.

	  struct group
	    name 	# 롼̾(ʸ)
	    passwd	# 롼פΥѥ(ʸ)
	    gid		# 롼ID()
	    mem		# 롼ץ̾
	  end

	ܺ٤getgrgid(3)򻲾ȤΤ.

   getgrnam(name)

	nameȤ̾Υ롼ץȥ֤. ͤgetgrgid()Ʊ
	ͤǤ. ܺ٤getgrnam(3)򻲾.

   group

	ƤΥ롼ץȥ˥뤿Υƥ졼.

   passwd

	Ƥpasswdȥ˥뤿Υƥ졼.

*** File(饹)

ե륢ΤΥ饹. ؿ᥽åopen(). ޤ,
Υ饹ðۥ᥽åɤȤtestΥեƥȱ黻Υ᥽å
Ƥ.

SuperClass: IO

Methods:

   atime

        եκǽ֤.

   ctime

        եκǽơѹ֤.

   chmod(mode)

        եΥѡߥåѹ(cf chmod(2)).

   chmod(owner, group)

        եνͭԤȥ롼פѹ(cf chown(2)).  nil-1
        ꤹ뤳ȤˤäƽͭԤ䥰롼פ򸽺ߤΤޤѤʤǤ
        ȤǤ.

   eof

        եνüã˿֤.

   lstat

        ե˴ؤStat¤Τ֤. lstatϥե뤬ܥ
        󥯤ǤХ󥯤ΤΤ˴ؤStat¤Τ֤. ¤
        ƤˤĤƤstat 򻲾ȤΤ.

   mtime

        եκǽ֤.

   rewind

        եΥեݥ󥿤ΰ֤Ƭ˰ư.

   path

        եΥѥ֤̾.

   seek(offset, ptrname)

        եΥեݥ󥿤ΰ֤offset˰ư.  ptrname
        0, 1, 2Τ줫Ǥä, 줾եƬ, ߰, 
        եνüΤΤ줫Ф򼨤.

   stat()

        ե˴ؤStat¤Τ֤(Struct 򻲾).

	  struct stat
	    dev	 	# ե¸ߤǥХ
	    ino		# եi-nodeֹ
	    mode	# ⡼
	    nlink	# ϡɥ󥯤ο
	    uid		# ͭԤΥ桼ID
	    gid		# ͭԤΥ롼ID
	    rdev	# ǥХID(ڥեΤ)
	    size	# ե륵(byte)
	    blksize	# ե륷ƥˤŬڤʥ֥å
	    blocks	# ֥å
	    atime	# ǽ
	    mtime	# ǽ
	    ctime	# ǽѹ
	  end

	ܺ٤fstat(2)򻲾ȤΤ. ƥƤ
	stat¤Τ˳Фʤ0ꤵƤ.

   tell

        եθߤΥեݥ󥿤ΰ֤֤.

   truncate(length)

        եڤΤƤƺlengthХȤˤ. եwrite⡼
        ɤǥץ󤵤ƤʤФʤʤ.

Single Methods:

   atime(filename)

        filenameκǽ֤.

   b(filename)

        filenameΥե뤬֥åڥեǤ, 
        .

   c(filename)

        filenameΥե뤬饯ڥեǤ, 
        ֤.

   ctime(filename)

        filenameκǽơѹ֤.

   chmod(mode, path, file...)

        եΥѡߥåѹ(cf chmod(2)).

   chown(owner, group, file...)

        եνͭԤȥ롼פѹ(cf chown(2)). nil-1
        ꤹ뤳ȤˤäƽͭԤ䥰롼פ򸽺ߤΤޤѤʤǤ
        ȤǤ.

   executable(filename)
   x(filename)

        filenameΥե뤬¹Բǽλ, ֤.

   exists(filename)
   e(filename)
   a(filename)

        filenameΥե뤬¸ߤ, ֤.

   G(filename)

        filenameΥեgid¸롼פgidƱ, ֤.

   isdirectory(filename)
   d(filename)

        filenameǥ쥯ȥλ, ֤.

   isfile(filename)
   f(filename)

        filenameΥե뤬̾եλ, ֤.

   islink(filename)
   l(filename)

        filenameΥե뤬ܥå󥯤Ǥ, ֤.

   ispipe(filename)
   p(filename)

        filenameΥե뤬̾Ĥѥ(FIFO)Ǥ, ֤.

   issocket(filename)
   S(filename)

        filenameΥե뤬åȤǤ, ֤.

   link(old, new)

        oldؤΥϡɥnew. link(2)Ʊ¤.

   mtime(filename)

        filenameκǽ֤.

   owned(filename)
   O(filename)

        filenameΥե¸桼ͭƤ, ֤.

   readable(filename)
   r(filename)

        filenameΥեɤߤȤǽλ, ֤.

   readlink(path)

        ܥåpathƤʸȤ֤.

   rename(from, to)

        ե̾fromtoѹ. rename(2). toȤ̾
        Υե뤬¸ߤˤϤޤΥե뤬.

   R(filename)

        filenameΥեuid/gidɤߤȤǽλ, ֤.

   setuid(filename)
   u(filename)

        filenameΥեsetuidӥåȤåȤƤ, ֤.

   setuid(filename)
   g(filename)

        filenameΥեsetuidӥåȤåȤƤ, ֤.

   size(filename)
   s(filename)

        filenameΥե뤬¸ߤ, ե礭֤. ¸ߤ
        ʤnil֤.

   sticky(filename)
   g(filename)

        filenameΥեstickyӥåȤåȤƤ, ֤.

   symlink(old, new)

        oldؤΥܥånew.

   truncate(path, length)

        pathǻꤵ줿եڤΤƤƺlengthХȤˤ.

   unlink(file...)

        ե. ǥ쥯ȥκˤDir.rmdirȤ.

   utime(atime, mtime, file...)

        եΥatime, mtimeꤹ. 
        atime, mtimeϿޤTime饹Υ󥹥󥹤ǤʤФʤ
        .

   writable(filename)
   w(filename)

        filenameΥե뤬uid/gidǽ񤭹߲ǽλ, ֤.

   W(filename)

        filenameΥե뤬񤭹߲ǽλ, ֤.

   z(filename)

        filenameΥե뤬¸ߤ, 礭0Ǥ, ֤.

*** Fixnum(饹)

31bitΥ饹. builtin classǤ. Υ饹pointer¨ͤ
뤿call by valueǸƤӽФħŪǤ(¾Υ饹call
by reference). 黻η̤31bitۤˤϼưŪBignum(̵¿
Ĺ)˳ĥ.

ƥ졼upto(), downto(), step()Ϸ֤ΤѤ, ̤
Range饹Ѥ®Ǥ.

SuperClass: Integer

Methods:

   self + other
   self - other
   self * other
   self / other
   self % other
   self ** other

        ѱ黻. 줾, , , , ;, Ѿ֤.

   ~ self
   self | other
   self & other
   self ^ other

        ӥåȱ黻. 줾ӥåȿž, , , ¾Ū¤
        ֤.

   self << bits
   self >> bits

        եȱ黻. 줾bitsӥåȤ˥ӥåȥեȤԤʤ.

   self .. max

        ϰϻ. self  maxޤǤϰϥ֥Ȥ֤.

   downto(min)

        ƥ졼. selfminޤǲ˷֤.

   id2name

	ͤIDȤߤʤ, ʸ֤. ʸ
	¸ߤʤnil֤.

   step(max, step)

        ƥ졼. selfmaxޤstepѲʤ, ֤.

   to_f

        selfFloatѴΤ֤.

   to_i

        self򤽤Τޤ֤.

   upto(max)

        ƥ졼. selfmaxޤǷ֤.

*** Float(饹)

 ưΥ饹.

SuperClass: Numeric

Methods:

   self + other
   self - other
   self * other
   self / other
   self % other
   self ** other

        ѱ黻. 줾, , , , ;, Ѿ֤.

   self == other
   self > other

        ӱ黻.

   coerce(num)

        numfloatѴ. FloatǤ¾ο
        FixnumǤ.

   to_f

        self򤽤Τޤ֤.

   to_i

        floatѴ̤֤.

Single Methods:

   new(float)

	floatƱͤĿFloat֥Ȥ֤.

*** GC(⥸塼)

RubyȤ߹ߤgarbage collectorԤʤΥ⥸塼. Υ
塼Υ᥽åɤѤ뤳Ȥˤä, ŪGCߤ᤿, GCε
륿ߥ󥰤椷Ǥ.

gcϻϤޤˤΥ⥸塼start_hook᥽åɤ, äˤ
end_hook᥽åɤƤӽФ, ᥽åɤ뤳Ȥˤä
hook򤫤뤳ȤǤ.

Methods:

   garbage_collect                                              +

        GC򳫻Ϥ. GC.startפƱ.

Single Methods:

   disable

        GCػߤ.

   enable

        GCĤ.

   start

        GC򳫻Ϥ.

*** Integer(饹)

饹. ºݤϤ礭ˤäFixnumBignumĤΥ֥饹
Ǽ¸Ƥ. IntegerϤΥѡ饹Ȥʤݥ饹Ǥ
. RubyǤϤۤȤɤξ, FixnumBignumζ̤ɬפʤ, ߤѴ
ϼưŪ˹Ԥʤ. ӥåȤߤʤˤ, ̵¤Ĺ
ĥӥåȹͤƹʤ.

SuperClass: Numeric

Methods:

   self[idx]

	idxӥåܤåȤƤ1, åȤƤʤ
	0֤.

   chr

	ο򥳡ɤȤʸޤ1ʸʸ֤. ̤
	Ĺ1ʾʸˤĤ, δطΩ.

		str[0].chr == str[0,1]

	ʸϰ(0..255)ˤʤ㳰ȯ.

   is_integer

	Ĥ⿿֤.

*** IO(饹)

ϤΤδܥ饹.

SuperClass: Object

Included Modules: Enumerable

Methods:

   self << object

        objectϤ. objectʸǤʤˤϥ᥽åto_sѤ
        ʸѴ. selfͤȤΤ, C++Τ褦`<<'
        ϢȤ.

        :

            $stdout << 1 << " is a " << Fixnum

   close

        ϥݡȤ򥯥. ʸΤΥ֥ȤФ
        ϥ顼ˤʤ.

   each

        Ԥɤ߹Ǥ뤿Υƥ졼. Ԥζڤϥƥ
        `$/'ˤäѹǤ. ɤ߹ʸϥƥѿ`$_'
        ⥻åȤ.

   each_byte()

        ʸɤ߹Ǥ뤿Υƥ졼. ʸʸɤɽ
        FixnumǤ.

   fileno

        IO֥ȤȤäƤեǥץ(Fixnum)֤.

   flush

        Хåեեå夹.

   getc

        ɤ߹, ɤ߹ߤˤϤʸ֤. ե
        νãˤnil֤. ؿŪ᥽åɤgetc()
        $stdin.getcƱ̣Ǥ.

   gets

        ɤ߹, ɤ߹ߤˤϤʸ֤. ե
        νãˤnil֤.

   isatty

        ϥݡȤttyǤ, ֤.

   puts(obj)

        objϤ. self << objפƱ̣Ǥ.

   read([length])

        lengthХɤ߹, ʸ֤. lengthά줿
        ˤ, ƤΥǡɤ߹.

   sync

	ߤνƱ⡼ɤ򿿵֤ͤ. Ʊ⡼ɤλϽϴ
	θƽ˥Хåեեå夵.

   sync=(newstate)

        Ʊ⡼ɤꤹ.

   sysread(length)

        stdioͳread(2)ѤϤԤʤ. Ϥ줿ǡ
        ޤʸ֤. եνãˤnil֤. 
        read(2)ˤɬlengthХȤʸɤ߹ޤ櫓
        ǤϤʤ. gets()getc()ʤstdioͳ᥽åɤȺѤ
        ȤϥХåե󥰤ʤɤ, פư򤹤뤳Ȥ.

   syswrite(str)

        stdioͳ, wirte(2)ѤƽϤԤʤ. Υ᥽å
        ϥХåե󥰤ʤstdioƤ뤳ȤϰڹԤʤʤ. 
        print()printf()syswrite()ѤΤϿ侩Ǥʤ.

   write(str)

        strϤ. ϤХȿ֤.

Single Methods:

   default

	printprintfΥǥեȤν֤. ͤ$stdout.

   default=

	ǥեȤνꤹ.

*** Kernel(饹)

ƤΥ饹δ쥯饹. RubyȤ߹ߤƤδؿŪ᥽åɤϤΥ
饹Ƥ.

SuperClass: ʤ

Methods:

   ! self

        . Non-nilΥ֥Ȥξ˵(nil)֤. Υ᥽
        ɤNil饹ǤϺ쿿֤.

   equal(other)
   self == other

        ֥ȤΰȽ. 쥷ФȰΰפ, 
        ֤. Kernel饹ǤΥ֥ȤƱλ
        . "=="᥽åɤϳƥ֥Ȥ˱ƺɬפ
        . "=="᥽åɤˤ, hash᥽åɤ⤽˹
        ƺɬפ.

        equal()᥽åɤ"=="᥽åɤ̾, "=="Ǥ
        ֥ȤƱȽԤʤѤ. ä
        equal()᥽åɤϥ֥饹Ǻ٤ǤϤʤ.

   self != other

        "==". "=="᥽åɤƤӽФƤΤ, Ϻ
        ɬפϤʤ.

   self =~ other

        ޥå. ǥեȤ"=="ƱǤ. "=~"caseӤˤѤ
        .

   !~

        "=~". "=~"᥽åɤƤӽФƤΤ, 
        ɬפϤʤ.

   self :: other

        selfotherǤȤĹ2֤. Ȥ
        ̣ [self, other]ƱƯ򤹤뤬, 鷺˸
        Ψɤ. α黻ҤϱǤΤ, a::b::c  (a::(b::c))
        Ȳᤵ.

   is_nil

        ֥ȤnilǤ뤫ɤ. Kernel饹ǤϿ
        . Nil饹ǺƤ.

   id

        ƥ֥ȤФưդFixnum֤. , FixnumϼʬȤ
        Τ, idפƤƱ֥ȤǤ뤳Ȥݾڤʤ.
        Ĥޤ,

		obj1.id == obj2.id

	ΩƤ, ɤ餫FixnumǤ, obj1obj2ƱǤ
	Ȥϸ¤ʤ. , ξFixnumǤʤȤݾڤǤ, 2
	ĤΥ֥ȤƱǤ뤳Ȥϳμ¤Ǥ.

   hash

        ֥ȤΥϥå(Fixnum)֤. Dict饹ǥȤʤ
        ֥ȤǼΤѤƤ.A == BפΩ
        ɬA.hash == B.hashפΩɬפΤ, "=="
        ˤϤ⤽˹碌ƺ뤳.

*** Math(⥸塼)

ư黻򥵥ݡȤ륯饹. Math⥸塼ƱΥ᥽å
ðۥ᥽åɤȤξƤΤ, ðۥ᥽åɤƤӽФƻ
Ȥ, 饹˥󥯥롼ɤƻȤȤȤξǤ.

  :

        pi = Math.atan2(1, 1) * 4;
        include Math
        pi2 = atan2(1, 1)

Methods:
Single Methods:

   atan2(x, y)

        С-ФϰϤX/YΥ󥸥Ȥ֤.

   cos(x)
   sin(x)
   tan(x)

        饸ɽ줿xλѴؿ֤ͤ.

   exp(x)

        xλؿؿ֤ͤ.

   log(x)

        xμп֤.

   log10(x)

        xξп֤.

   sqrt(x)

        xʿ֤. xͤǤˤ㳰ȯ.

   cbrt(x)

        xΩ֤.

*** Module(饹)

⥸塼Υ饹.

SuperClass: Object

Methods:

   attr(name[, public])						+

	Υ⥸塼򥤥󥯥롼ɤ饹Υ󥹥󥹤Ф 
	nameǻꤵ°ղä, °Ф륢᥽åɤ
	. attr("attr")ϰʲ˼ɤȤۤƱǤ.

	  def attr; @attr; end

	άǽ2publicͿ, ĤͤnilǤʤ
	, °ˤ°᥽åɤѰդ, ǽ
	ʤ. attr("attr", %TRUE)ϰʲΥɤȤۤƱǤ.

	  def attr; @attr; end
	  def attr=(val); @attr = val; end

	°᥽åɤ뤳Ȥˤä, ư
	ѹǤ. 㤨

	  attr("test", %TRUE)
	  def test=(val)
	    print("test was ", @test, "\n")
	    print("and now is ", @test = val, "\n")
	  end

	Τ褦°ͤɽ褦ʤȤǽǤ. attr
	ϥ᥽åɤǤƤ, ǥեȤΥ
	᥽åɤʤ.

   to_s

        ⥸塼ʸɽ֤. ⥸塼ξʸɽϥ
        塼̾Ǥ.

*** Nil(饹)

ɽ֥nilΥ饹. ѿ()nilNil饹ͣΥ
󥹥󥹤Ǥ.

SuperClass: Kernel

Methods:

   self + other

	other, ư, ʸ, Ǥ, other֤.

   ! self

        ˿֤.

   is_nil

        ˿֤.

*** Numeric(饹)

̤ɽݥ饹.

SuperClass: Object

Included Modules: Comparable

Methods:

   + self

        ֥selfΤΤ֤

   - self

        0 - selfפ֤ͤ. ֥饹ǤΨŪ˺뤳
        ȤԤ.

   abs

	֤ͤ.

   divmod(other)

	Ⱦ;2Ǥ֤.

*** Object(饹)

Ƥ̾說饹Υѥ饹. Υ饹Υ֥饹Ǥʤ饹
KernelNilǤ.

SuperClass: Kernel

Methods:

   is_member_of(class)

        ֥self饹classΥ󥹥󥹤Ǥ,֤.

   is_kind_of(class)

        ֥self饹classΥ֥饹Υ󥹥󥹤
        , ֤.

   clone

        ֥Ȥʣ. FixnumʳΥ饹ξ, 餯
        obj.eqaul(obj.clone)פϵǤ뤬, ¿ξobj ==
        obj.cloneפϿǤ.

   to_s

        ֥Ȥʸɽ֤. Υ᥽åɤŪprint()
        format()᥽åɤѤƤ.

   to_a

	֥ȤѴ. ͥ륯饹Ƥ
	եȤ, Υ֥ȼȤޤ1Ǥ֤.

*** Process(⥸塼)

ץ˴ؤԤʤΥ⥸塼. Math⥸塼Ʊͤ
ƤΥ᥽åɤðۥ᥽åɤȤƤ̾Υ᥽åɤȤƤȤ. 
Processϥץ֥ȤΥ饹ǤϤʤ, ץΥ᥽
ɤޤȤ᤿ΤǤ뤳Ȥդ뤳.

Methods:
Single Methods:

   euid

	ץθߤμ¸UID֤.

   euid=(uid)

	ץθߤμ¸UIDuid˥åȤ.
	
   getpgrp([pid])

	pidǻꤵ줿ץ߽°Ƥץ롼פid
	֤. pidάpid0Ϳϸ߼¹ԤƤ
	оݤˤ.

   getpriority(which, who)

	whichwhoǻꤵץ, ץ롼, 桼θ
	̤֤ͥ. ܺ٤getpriority(2)򻲾. Process⥸塼
	ǤwhichȤƻǤ%PRIO_PROCESS, %PRIO_PGRP,
	%PRIO_USERƤ.

   pid

	ץΥץID֤. ϥƥѿ`$$'ͤƱ
	.

   ppid

	ƥץΥץΥץID֤. UNIXǤľܤοƥץ
	λ, ƥץpid1(initpid)ˤʤ.

   setpgrp(pid, pgrp)

	pidǻꤵ줿ץΥץ롼פpgrpˤ. pid0
	Ϳȸ߼¹Υץоݤˤ.

   setpriority(which, who, prio)

	whichwhoǻꤵץ, ץ롼, 桼θ
	̤ͥprioꤹ. ܺ٤setpriority(2)򻲾ȤΤ.

   uid

	ץθߤμUID֤.

   uid=

	ץθߤμUIDuid˥åȤ.

*** Range(饹)

ϰϥ֥ȤΥ饹. ϰϥ֥Ȥ`..'黻Ҥˤä, 
ŪˤϰʲΤ褦ʻȤ򤹤

        for i in 1..5
          ...
        end

, ξϰʲ®.

        do 1.upto(5)
          ...
        end

ϰϥ֥Ȥ`..'黻ҤξդComparableޤ९饹Υ
󥹥󥹤ǤвǤ⹽ʤ. ϰϤϻȽޤळȤդ
.

SuperClass: Object

Included Modules: Enumerable

Methods:

   self =~ other

        selfotherƱ饹Фϰϥ֥Ȥ, ϰ
        other(start <= other <= end),֤. caseʸ
        ϰϻꤹǤ.  㤨

            case i
              when 1, 3..5
                ...
            end case

        Τ褦ʥɤ񤯤ȤǤ.

   each

        ϰ¸ߤ륪֥ȤͿ륤ƥ졼. forʸΤ
        Ѥ.

   end

        ϰϤν֤

   start

        ϰϤλ֤.

*** Socket(饹)

SuperClass: BasicSocket

åȤΤΤФ륷ƥॳ٥Υ󶡤륯饹.
PerlΥåȤФ륢Ʊ٥εǽ󶡤Ƥ. Υ
Ǥϥåȥɥ쥹pack줿ʸ, ꤹ. UDPåȤϤ
Υ饹ȤäѤ.

Methods:

   accept

	³դ, ³Ф륽åȤ֤.
	accept(2)򻲾.

   bind(addr)

	bind(2)ƱƯ򤹤. addrpack줿åȥɥ쥹¤
	ΤǤ.

   connect(addr)

	connect(2)ƱƯ򤹤. addrpack줿åȥɥ쥹
	¤ΤǤ.

   listen(backlog)

	listen(2)ƱƯ򤹤.

   recv(len, flags)
   send(mesg, flags[, to])
   sysread(len)

Single Methods:

   open(domain, type, protocol)
   new(domain, type, protocol)

	åȤ. domain, type, protocolϥ󥯥롼
	եƤͤǻꤹ. domaintype˴ؤ
	, ʸǻǤ뤬, ٤Ƥ򥫥СƤݾڤϤʤ.

   socketpair(domain, type, protocol)

	åȤΥڥ, 2ǤȤ֤. λ
	openƱǤ.
   
*** Regexp(饹)

ɽΥ饹. ɽΥƥ/.../Ȥɽ, ưŪ
뤿ˤ

        Regexp.compile(ʸ)

Ȥ. , String饹`=~'ϤȤ¿Υ᥽åɤɽ
ؤʸͿ줿ˤŪɽΤ, 
Ȥ󤷤ȻפʳŪȻפȤϾʤ
.

SuperClass: Object

Methods:


   self =~ string

        ɽʸ˥ޥå, ޥå֤֤. ޥå
        ʤnil֤.

   ~ self

        $_ =~ selfפƱ.

Single Methods:

   complie(string)

        ʸɽѴ֥Ȥ֤.

*** BasicSocket(饹)

åȤɽݥ饹. Ūʥåϥ֥饹.
㤨Х󥿡ͥåȥɥᥤξTCPsocketѤ.

SuperClass: IO

Methods:

   getopt(level, optname)

	åȤΥץ. getsockopt(2)򻲾ȤΤ. 
	ץƤޤʸ֤.

   getpeername

	³ΥåȤξ. ѥå줿sockaddr¤
	٥˥פʸ֤. getpeername(2)򻲾ȤΤ.

   getsockname

	åȤξ. ѥå줿sockaddr¤Τ٥˥
	ʸ֤. getsockname(2)򻲾ȤΤ.

   setopt(level, optname, optval)

	åȤΥץꤹ. setsockopt(2)򻲾ȤΤ.

   shutdown(how)

	åȤΰʹߤ³λ. how0Ǥ, ʹߤμ,
	how1Ǥ, ʹߤݤ. how2λˤ, 
	ʹߤ, Ȥ˵ݤ.

*** String(饹)

ʸ󥯥饹. Rubyʸϥ̥륿ߥ͡ȤǤϤʤΤ, Хʥǡ
ⰷ. äƤɤ餫ȤñʤʸȤХǤ. 
λۤ˴Ť, ɽ˴ؤ᥽åɰʳ2byteϤʸռ
Ƥʤ. ϺԤμȴǤϤʤտŪˤƤΤǤ(
Ƥ).

SuperClass: Object

Included Modules: Comparable, Enumerable

Methods:

   self + other

        ʸϢ. Ϣ뤵줿ʸ֤.

   self * times

        ʸη֤. 㤨

            "x" * 4 == "xxxx"

        Ǥ.

   self == other
   self > other

        ʸ. ƥѿ$=nilǤʤˤʸʸ
        ̤ӤԤʤ.

   self =~ other

        ʸΥޥå. otherɽʸ. otherʸξ
        ưŪɽѴ. ޥåϥޥå, 
        ʤänil֤.

   ~ self

        $_ =~ selfפƱ.

   self[nth]
   self[beg..end]
   self[beg,len]

        ƤμФ. 1ܤηǤnthХܤΥǡFixnumȤ
        ֤. 2ܤηǤbegХܤendХܤޤǤʬʸ
        ֤(ξüޤ). 3ܤηǤbegХܤlenХ
        ʬʬʸ֤.

   self[nth] = val
   self[beg..end] = val
   self[beg,len] = val

        Ƥι. 1ܤηǤnthХܤΥǡval ()
        . 2ܤηbegХܤendХܤޤǤʬʸ
        valȤͿ줿ʸ֤. 3ܤηbeg
        ܤlenХʬʬʸvalȤͿ줿ʸ
        ֤.

   chop

        ʸκǸΥХȤڤȤ.

   crypt(salt)

        crypt(3)ѤưŹ沽ʸ֤. salt2ХȰʾĹ
        ǤդʸǤ.

   delete(str)

	ʸΤ, str˴ޤޤʸ. ʸλtr
	ƱͤǤ, a-babޤǤϰϤ, Ƭ^ʸ(
	ޤƤʤΤ)̣.

   each

        ʸ󤫤1Ԥɤ߹Ǥ륤ƥ졼.

   each_byte

        ʸΤ줾ΥХȤˤĤƷ֤ƥ졼.

   gsub(pattern, replace)

        ʸpattern˥ޥåʬreplace֤. 
        ʸreplace&\0ϥޥåʸ, \1..\9nܤ
        ̤Ƥ֤.

   hex

        ʸ16ʿɽʸȲᤷ, Ѵ.

   index(substr[, pos])

        substrǽ˽и֤֤. posͿȤΰ֤鸡
        򳫻Ϥ. Ĥʤˤnil֤.

   intern

	ʸ˰դб֤. ʸϥʥʸޤǤϤ
	ʤ.

   lcfirst

	ʸκǽʸ(줬ե٥åȤǤ), ʸ
	Ѵ.

   length

        ʸĹ(Хȿ)֤.

   next

        ּΡʸ֤. ʸȤϿϿȤ,ʸ
        ʸȤä, 夬νԤʤ줿ԤǤ.

                "aa".next == "ab"
                "99".next == "100"
                "a9".next == "b0"

        Υ᥽åɤRange:eachѤƤΤ, ʲΤ褦ʽ
        ǽǤ.

                for i in "a" .. "ba"
                  print(i, "\n");
                end

        a, b, c, .. aa, .. az, baޤǤƹԤ˽Ϥ.
        

        դʤФʤΤ, νλȽ羮طǤϤʤ
        `=='ȽꤵƤ뤿, `..'黻Ҥκդͤ³ʸ˱
        դʸ󤬴ޤޤƤʤ, ʲΤ褦ʾ̵¥롼פ
        ٤äƤޤ.

                for i in "0" .. "1a"
                  print(i, "\n");
                end

        ԤϤ񤯤ȤˤäǤƨƤ褦ȤƤȹͤ
        ⤤뤫⤷ʤ. ο¬.

   oct

        ʸ8ʿɽʸȲᤷ, Ѵ.  8ʿ
        /[0-7]+/Ǥ, ƤϤޤʤʸФƤ
        0֤. perlȤϰäʸ0xϤޤäƤ뤫Ȥä
        16ʿȸʤƤ줿Ϥʤ. 8ʿǤϤʤΤ0
        ֤.

   reverse

        ʸγƥХȤս¤٤ʸ֤. ʸ2ХȤ
        ʸޤǤƤ⤪ʤ˥Хñ̤ȿž. 
        split2Хʸ򤹤Τ, 2Хʸޤʸʸ
        ñ̤ȿžˤ

                "ʸ".split(//).reverse.join("")

        ȤФ褤.

   rindex(substr[, pos])

        ʸsubstrǸ˽и֤֤. posͿȤΰ
        Ǹλ. Ĥʤˤnil֤. indexȤ
        1)ʸ鸡. 2)substrȤɽդ
        ʤ. 2Ǥ.

   split([sep[, limit]])

        ʸsepǻꤵ줿ѥˤä, եɤʬ䤹.
        sepά줿ΥǥեȤϥƥѿ`$;'ͤѤ
        . limitꤵ줿ˤϺlimitĤΥեɤʬ䤹.
        split()ʬ䤵줿ʸޤ֤. sepǻꤵ줿ѥ
        󤬶ʸȥޥåʸ1ʸĤʬ䤵.

   squeeze([str])

	ʸΤ, str˴ޤޤʸϢ³Ƥ, ʸ˰
	̤. strά줿, ٤ƤʸоݤȤ. ʸ
	λtrƱͤǤ, `a-b'abޤǤϰϤ, Ƭ`^'
	ʸ(ޤޤƤʤΤ)̣.

   strip

	ʸζ.

   sub(pattern, replace)

        ʸpattern˥ޥåʬreplace֤. ִʸ
        replace&\0ϥޥåʸ, \1..\9nܤγ
        Ƥ֤. sub()gsub()Ȱۤʤ, ǽΥޥå
        ִ.

   to_f

        ʸFloatѴ.

   to_i

        ʸ10ʿɽʸȲᤷ, Ѵ.

   toupper
   uc

        ʸΥե٥åȤʸ֤. ʸ
        뤳Ȥ. tr("a-z", "A-Z")꾯®.

   tolower
   lc

        ʸΥե٥åȤƾʸ֤. ʸ
        뤳Ȥ. tr("A-Z", "a-z")꾯®.

   tr(search, replace)

        ʸsearchʸ˴ޤޤʸ¸ߤ, replaceʸ
        бʸ֤. replaceʸ󤬾ά줿
        ϶ʸͿ줿ȸʤ. replaceʸsearchʸ
        ûreplaceʸκǸʸ֤Ƥȸ
        . searchʸûˤбʸΤʤreplace
        ñ̵뤵(BSDtrư).

	searchʸ, replaceʸ`a-b'Ȥ줿, 
	abޤǤϰϤʸASCIIξǻꤷȤˤʤ.  
	, searchʸκǽʸ`^'Ǥ, ³ʸ*ޤ
	ʤ*ʸִоݤˤʤ.

	tr(1)εǽΤ, ʸ뵡ǽ, Ϣ³ʸ򰵽̤
	ǽ̤Υ᥽åɤʬ䤵Ƥ. εǽˤĤƤ
	delete, squeeze򻲾ȤΤ.

	ؤΤ, str.tr(src,repl).squeeze(repl)᥽å
	tr_s(src,repl) 󶡤Ƥ.

   ucfirst

	ʸκǽʸ(줬ե٥åȤǤ), ʸ
	Ѵ.

   unpack(template)

        ʸtemplateʸˤäƥѥå, Ǥ
        ޤ֤. templateʸArray饹pack᥽åɤȤ
        ƱͤǤ.

          a     ASCIIʸ(³nullʸ䥹ڡĤ)
          A     ASCIIʸ(³nullʸ䥹ڡ)
          b     ӥåȥȥ(̥ӥåȤ̥ӥå)
          B     ӥåȥȥ(̥ӥåȤ鲼̥ӥå)
          h     16ʸ(̥˥֥뤬)
          H     16ʸ(̥˥֥뤬)
          c     char
          C     unsigned char
          s     sort
          S     unsigned sort
          i     int
          I     unsigned int
          l     long
          L     unsigned int
          n     ͥåȥХȥshort
          N     ͥåȥХȥlong
          f     ñư(¸)
          d     ư(¸)
          x     1ХɤФ
          X     1Хȸ
          @     а֤ؤΰư

Single Methods:

   new(string)

	stringƱƤĿʸ֤.

*** Struct(饹)

¤Υ饹. ʣΥǡޤȤѤ(: Time::times). 
ǡޤȤˤ󥯥饹Ѥ뤳Ȥ⤢뤬(: select),
¤ΤȤ٤ϰʲΤ褦ʾǤ.

  (1) Ǥο¿

      ʹ֤٤ưפ˰복ǰο7ĤޤǤǤȤ⤬. 
      β˽, ǡ4İʾξѤ, 
      *2(ĤޤꥪեåȤȤΰ̣)7ۤ. ä, Τ褦
      ˤϹ¤ΤȤä򤷤䤹Ȼפ.

  (2) Ʊ̤ʤ

      ¤Τ㴳Ȥ⤤Τ, ®٤ˤʤ
      ˤ, (Ʊ̤ʤ)Ϲ¤ΤλѤŬڤǤʤ
      ǽ.

ƹ¤Τˤϥ̾Ʊ̾ΰΤʤ᥽åɤƤ.

ܥɥ, ¤Τɽ뤿ˤϰʲηȤ.

  struct ¤̾
     ...
  end

, ץǤηǹ¤Τ櫓ǤϤʤ.

SuperClass: Object

Included Modules: Enumerable

Methods:

   self[idx]

	idxλidxܤǤ֤. idxʸλidxƱ̾
	ΥФǤ֤.

   values

	¤ΤΥФͤǤ˻֤. 㤨аʲΥɤ
	ʬpasswdȥϤ뤳ȤǤ.

	  print(Etc.getpwuid().values.join(":"), "\n")

	νϤ`grep "$USER" /etc/passwd'νϤ;ʬʥեɤ
	Ĥ(ƥˤäưۤʤ)ʳƱǤ.

Single Methods:

   new(name, member::value...)

	nameȤ̾Ĺ¤Τ. memberϹ¤ΤΥФ
	ɽʸǤ, valueϤͤǤ. 줿¤Τϥ
	Фǻꤵ줿̾ðۥ᥽åɤƤ, Υ᥽å
	ˤäƥФƤ뤳ȤǤ.

*** TCPserver(饹)

TCP/IPȥ꡼෿³Υ¦ΥåȤΥ饹. Υ饹ˤä
ñ˥åȤѤФΥץߥ󥰤Ǥ. 㤨echo
ФϰʲΤ褦ˤʤ.

 gs = TCPserver.open(4444)
 socks = [gs]

 while %TRUE
   nsock = select(socks);
   if nsock == nil; continue end
   for s in nsock[0]
     if s == gs
       socks.push(s.accept)
     else
       if s.eof
 	 s.close
	 socks.delete(s)
       else
	 str = s.gets
	 s.write(str)
       end
     end
   end
 end

SuperClass: TCPsocket

Methods:

   accept

	饤Ȥ³׵դ, ³TCPsocketΥ
	󥹤֤.

Single Methods:

   new([host, ]service)
   open([host, ]service)

	service/etc/services(ޤNIS)ϿƤ륵ӥ̾
	ݡֹǻꤹ. hostꤷϻꤷۥȤ
	³դ. άƤΥۥȤ³׵
	.

*** TCPsocket

󥿡ͥåȥɥᥤΥȥ꡼෿åȤΥ饹. ̾IO饹
֥饹ƱͤϤǤ. Υ饹ˤäƥåȤѤ
饤Ȥñ˵ҤǤ. 桼Ϥ򤽤ΤޤޥФž
ϰʲΤ褦ˤʤ.

 s = TCPsocket("localhost", 4444)
 while gets()
   s.write($_)
   print(s.read)
 end

SuperClass: BasicSocket

Methods:

   addr

	åȤ³ɽ֤. γǤ1
	ʸ "AF_INET", 2Ǥportֹ, 3ǤۥȤɽʸ
	Ǥ.

   peeraddr

	³襽åȤξɽ֤. γǤ
	addr᥽åɤ֤ƱǤ.

Single Methods:

   open(host, service)
   new(host, service)

	hostǻꤷۥȤserviceǻꤷݡȤ³
	Ȥ֤. hostϥۥ̾, ޤϥ󥿡ͥåȥɥ쥹򼨤ʸ
	, service/etc/services(ޤNIS)ϿƤ륵
	̾ݡֹǤ.

*** Time(饹)

֤ɽ饹. 羮ӤʤɤǤ. Time.nowǸߤλ֤뤳
Ǥ. ޤեΥॹפ᥽åɤͤ⤳Υ
Υ󥹥󥹤Ǥ.

SuperClass: Object

Included Modules: Comparable

Methods:

   self == other
   self > other

        otherTimeΥ󥹥󥹤. Ϳ줿
        ˤ1970ǯ 1 1 00:00:00 GMTÿǤ
        ƻȤӤԤʤ.

   asctime
   ctime
   to_s

        date(1)ʸѴ.

   gmtime

        ॾνԤʤʤGMTǤλ. Υ᥽å
        ȤäTime饹Υ󥹥󥹤, ʸλѴGMT
        Ԥʤ. gmtimeϼʬȤ֤.

	ɥλɽˤ

	  print(Time.now.gmtime, "\n")

	ȤФ褤.

   localtime

        ॾνԤʤä(ǥե). localtime
        ⼫ʬȤ֤.

   to_i
   tv_sec

        1970ǯ 1 1 00:00:00 GMTޤǤÿ֤. 
        secondʬǤ⤢.

   sec
   min
   hour
   mday
   year
   wday
   yday
   zone
   isdst

        ŪݻƤtm¤ΤƤ֤. zoneʳ֤. 
        zoneϥॾɽʸ֤. (cf localtime(3))

   strftime(format)

        formatʸ˽äʸѴ̤֤.  format
        ʸȤƻǤΤ ʲ̤Ǥ.

                %A      ̾(Sunday, Monday,...)
                %a      ξά̾(Sun, Mon,...)
                %B      ̾(January, February,...)
                %b      ξά̾(Jan, Feb,...)
                %c      ɽ(cf ctime(3))
                %d      ʿǤ(01-31)
                %H      24λ(00-23)
                %I      12λ(01-12)
                %j      ǯ̻(001-366)
                %M      ʬ(00-59)
                %m      ɽ(01-12)
                %p      ޤϸ(AM,PM)
                %S      (00-61)
                %U      ɽ. ǽ1
                        Ϥޤ(00-53)
                %W      ɽ. ǽη1
                        Ϥޤ(00-53)
                %w      ɽ. 0(0-6)
                %X      (: 15:01:06)
                %x      (: Fri Jan 14 1994)
                %Y      ɽ
                %y      β2(00-99)
                %Z      ॾ
                %%      % 

   usec
   tv_usec

        micro secondʬ֤.

Single Methods:

   now

        ߤλɽTime饹Υ󥹥󥹤.

   at(time)

        timeƱɽTime饹Υ󥹥󥹤. time
        Time饹Υ󥹥󥹤뤤Ͽ(/ư)Ǥ, 
        ξ1970ǯ 1 1 00:00:00 GMTÿǤȤƻ
        ׻.

   times

        ߤΥץȤλҥץ񤷤桼/ƥCPU
        ѻ¤ΤȤ֤(Struct򻲾).

	  struct tms
	    utime	# ץΥ桼
	    stime	# ץΥƥ
	    cutime	# ҥץΥ桼
	    cstime	# ҥץΥƥ
	  end

	֤ñ̤äǤ, ưͿ. ܺ٤
        times(3C)򻲾ȤΤ.

*** UNIXserver

UNIXȥ꡼෿³Υ¦ΥåȤΥ饹.

SuperClass: UNIXsocket

Methods:

   accept

	饤Ȥ³׵դ, ³UNIXsocketΥ
	󥹤֤.

*** UNIXsocket

UNIXɥᥤΥȥ꡼෿åȤΥ饹. ̾IO饹Υ֥饹
ƱͤϤǤ.

SuperClass: BasicSocket

Methods:

   addr

	åȤ³ɽ֤. γǤ1
	ʸ "AF_UNIX", 2ǤpathǤ.

   path

	UNIXåȤΥѥ֤.

   peeraddr

	³襽åȤξɽ֤. γǤ
	addr᥽åɤ֤ƱǤ.

Single Methods:

   open(path)
   new(path)

	pathǻꤷѥ̾Ѥ³åȤ֤.

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Local variables:
fill-column: 70
end:
