.\" spec -  -*- Indented-Text -*- created at: Tue May 25 15:18:26 JST 1993

* Ϥ(ʤRuby?)

RubyϡUNIXǼڤ˥֥Ȼظץߥ󥰡פ򤷤Ȥ˾
¸뤿ޤ줿. ΤɬפȻפ줿:

    * ʸˡ䵡ǽñǤ.
    * ֥Ȼظץߥ󥰤򥵥ݡȤ뵡ǽ
      ĸȤ߷פƤ.
    * 󥢥饦ɥबû(󥿥ץ꥿Ǥ).
    * OS(UNIX)εǽñѤǤ.
    * ץȸȤƻȤ.
    * ϤfreeǤ.

ʤɤǤ. ֥ȻظȤưŪǤSmalltalkC++ʤɤ
ξΰƤϤ뤬, ä˼ڤʥץߥ󥰤Ȥ˷
Ƥ, ƤΤǤϤʤä. ץȸǤPerl
Tcl˥֥Ȼظǽɲäƥ¸ߤ뤬, ϡּ
ڤ˥ץߥ󥰡פȤƤϤƤ, դ˥֥Ȼظ
ǽä. ä, ξ򿷤߷
ɬפȹͤ줿. Ƨޤ߷פ줿Rubyħ:

    * 󥿥ץ꥿Ǥ.
    * ñ㳰ξʤʸˡ.
    * ʬʥ֥Ȼظǽ.
    * Ǥ񤭤䤹(黻ҷʤ).
    * ١쥯.
    * 㳰ǽ.
    * ʬ˶Ϥʥ饹Ȥ߹ޤƤ.
    * OS򥢥뵡ǽ󶡤.
    * ĥ䤹.

ʤɤ. RubyshperlΤäƤͤˤȤäƤξＱˤʤ뤿ä
Τ, θ줫μʰܹԤǽǤȻפ. ץޤ
RubyΥ֥ȻظǽˤĤƳؤ٤, 궯ϤʤȤǤ褦
ʤ.

Cǥ饹򵭽Ҥ뤳ȤRuby򹹤˶Ϥˤ뤳ȤǤ. 
OSǤRubyưŪ˥֥ȥե󥯤Ǥ뤷, Ǥʤ
ƤRubyƥѥ뤷Ȥ߹ߥ饹ɲäΤưפǤ.

* Rubyδ

RubyδŪʬ˾, ʸˡ㳰ʤΤǿȤˤĤΤ
ۤ񤷤ʤ.

** 

ץȸνˤʤ餤, ʸʳ'#'ޤǤϥ
ȸʤ.

** ڤ국

ʸ(֤ȥڡ)Ӳ(\n)ڤ국Ȥʤ. ,

    a +
    b

Τ褦˹Ԥ(ʸ)ǽ, ιԤ³Ȥʾʳϲ
ʸζڤȤǧ.

** ̻

ե٥åȤ`_'ǻϤޤ, ե٥å, , `_'Ǥդ¤Ӥϼ
̻ҤǤ. ̻ҤĹ¤Ϥʤ.

** ͽ

ͽϰʲ̤Ǥ

   break,    case,    class,   continue,  def,    do,      else,
   elsif,    end,     ensure,  for,       func,   if,      in, 
   include,  module,  nil,     protect,   redo,   resque,  retry,
   return,   self,    super,   then,      undef,  unless,  until,
   using,    when,    while,   yield,     __END__

ͽϥ饹̾, ᥽å̾, ѿ̾ʤɤѤ뤳ȤϤǤʤ.

** ƥ

ʲΥƥ뤬

   ʸƥ

        "..."   # Хååβᤢ
        '...'   # Хååβʤ(\\\'ϲ᤹)

        Хåå嵭ˡ

                \t      (0x09)
                \n      ʸ(0x0a)
                \r      ʸ(0x0d)
                \f      ڡʸ(0x0c)
                \b      Хåڡ(0x08)
                \a      ٥(0x07)
                \e      (0x1b)
              \nnn      8ʿɽ(n0-7)
              \xnn      16ʿɽ(n0-9,a-f)
               \^c      ȥʸ(cASCIIʸ)
              \C-c      ȥʸ(Ʊ)
              \M-c      ᥿ʸ(c|0x80)

    ɽƥ

             /.../

    ɽ

                 ^      Ƭ
                 $      
                 .      Ǥդ1ʸ
                \w      ѿ. [0-9A-Za-z_]Ʊ
                \W      ѿ
                \s      ʸ. [ \t\n\r\f]Ʊ
                \S      ʸ
                \d      . [0-9] Ʊ
                \D      
                \b      춭ʸ(ʸ饹)
                \B      춭ʸ
                \b      (0x08)(ʸ饹)
               [ ]      ʸ饹
                 *      ľɽ0ʾη֤
                 +      ľɽ1ʾη֤
             {m,n}      m󤫤nη֤
                 ?      0ޤ1
                 |      
               ( )      ɽޤȤ

        ¾˥Хåå嵭ˡͭǤ.
    
   ͥƥ

               123      
              -123      (Ĥ)
             1_234      (10ʿ`_'ޤळȤǤ)
            123.45      ư
            1.2e-3      ư
            0xffff      16
              0377      8
                ?a      ʸ`a'Υ(97)
             ?\C-a      ȥaΥ(1)
             ?\M-a      ᥿aΥ(225)
          ?\M-\C-a      ᥿-ȥaΥ(129)

        ?ɽǤƤΥХåå嵭ˡͭǤ.

** 롼ԥ

ϳ̤ˤäƥ롼ԥ󥰤뤳ȤǤ. ˳ˤϼ¤Ӥ
񤱤. ¤Ӥ򵭽Ҥ, ȼζڤˤϲԤ ';' Ѥ. 
¤ӤͤϺǸɾͤǤ. Ĥޤ

    (; ; ...)

ͤϺǸɾͤˤʤ.

** ƥ

Ҥο, ʸ, ɽγƥƥϼǤ.

** 

󼰤ϰʲηǤ.

    [ , ... ]

줾μɾ̤ޤ֤. Ǥ0뤿
ˤ϶

    []

Ѥ.

** Ϣ

ϢȤǤդΥ֥Ȥ򥭡(ź)ȤƻƤǤ. Ruby 
ǤϢSmalltalkѸڤDict()ȤƤФ. ܺ٤ϥ
饹Dictι򻲾Ȥ줿. ϢϢ󼰤ϰʲη
.

    { =>, ... }

줾μɾ̤򥭡ͤȤϢ󥪥֥Ȥ֤. 
Ǥ0Ϣ뤿ˤ϶Ϣ

    {}

Ѥ.

** ѿ

ѿˤ4ढä, μѿ̾κǽΰʸǷꤵ. 
Ƥʤѿ򻲾ȤͤnilǤ.

  饹ѿ()

    `%'ǻϤޤѿϥ饹ѿǤ, Υ饹ƤΥ֥饹
    󥹥󥹤黲ȤǤ. ѿؤϥȥåץ٥, ʤ
    ᥽åɤǤ٥ǤΤ߲ǽǤ. ѿϥ饹֤
    ͤͭ, ȥ᥽åɤͤѹ뤳ȤǤ
    Τ,ȤѤ.

  󥹥ѿ

    `@'ǻϤޤѿϥ󥹥ѿǤ, Υ饹ޤϥ֥
    Υ᥽åɤ黲ȤǤ. μ̿ϥ֥Ȥμ̿.

  Хѿ

    `$'ǻϤޤѿΥפϥХǤ, μ̿ϥץ
    μ̿.

  饹̾/⥸塼̾/ѿ

    ե٥åȤޤ`_'ǻϤޤѿϼ̻ҤȤƤФ, 
    ѿ, 饹̾ޤϥ⥸塼̾Ǥ.

    ֤Ǥϼ̻Ҥϥ饹/⥸塼̾Ȥߤʤ뤬(륯
    ¸ߤʤͤnil), κդ˸줿̻Ҥ,Υ
    ǤϥѿȤƸʤ, Ʊ̾Υ饹⥸塼
    . ΰ̣Ǽ̻ҤؤȤƤƯ.

        Array       		# 󥯥饹 Array
        Array = 15		# . ʸArrayϥѿ
        print(Array, "\n")	# `15'Ϥ

    ϥѥ˲ᤵ뤿, ̻Ҥؤºݤ˼
    ԤƤ, ʤƤ, ʹߤΥǤϤμ̻Ҥϥ
    ѿȤߤʤ.

        Array       		# 󥯥饹 Array
        if %FALSE
          Array = 15    	# Υɤϼ¹Ԥʤ,
				# ʹArrayϥѿȤߤʤ.
        end
        print(Array, "\n")  	# `nil'Ϥ

    Υ롼ϰ츫ʣ, 饹/⥸塼̾ȥѿ̾
    ʣʤ¤, ̤ΥѿͤnilǤȹͤƤ⺹
    ٤Ϥʤ.

    RubyȤ߹ߴؿʸΥե٥åȤǻϤޤ̾ĤƤ, 
    桼⥯饹/⥸塼̾ˤʸǻϤޤ뼱̻Ҥ, 
    ̾ˤϾʸޤ`_'ǻϤޤ뼱̻ҤȤȤ򶯤侩.

    ѿμ̿ϤΥ᥽åɤλޤ(ȥåץ٥Υ
    ѿϥץνλޤ)Ǥ.

˵ѿȸƤФüѿȤselfnil. selfϸߤΥ
åɤμ¹ԼΤؤѿǤ, nilNil饹ͣΥ󥹥
(ɽ)ؤѿǤ. εѿˤäƤ
ѹ뤳ȤϤǤʤ. ѿؤ㳰ȯ.

** å

֥Ȥ˥åŪʹʸåǤ, δ
ܷϰʲ̤Ǥ.

    1.᥽å̾(...)

        1ɾ륪֥Ȥ, ̻Ҥǻꤵ᥽
        ɤƤӽФ. ֺǸΰ'*'³(ñ)Ǥ, 
        μɾ(Ǥɬפ)Ÿ, Ȥ
        ɲä.

        Ĥʤˤϳ̤άǤ.

᥽å̾ȤƤǤդμ̻ҤѤ뤳ȤǤ. ѿ̾Ȥϼ̻Ҥ
֤̾㤦ΤǽʣƤ⹽ʤ.

** ؿ

å, 쥷Фselfξ, 쥷Фάƴؿǥ᥽
ɤƤӽФȤǤ. ξ1ĤʤǤ̤ξάϤ
ʤ.

ؿǤ`@'ǻϤޤ̾ĥ᥽åɤƤӽФȤǤ. `@'
Ϥޤ᥽åɤϴؿǤƤӽФȤǤʤ, 륯
ޤ, Υ֥饹餷ƤФʤΤ, ץ饤١ȥ᥽åɤ
ƤФ. ץ饤١ȥ᥽åɤC++ˤprotected member function
.

** ѡ饹Υ᥽åɸƤӽФ

åüʥȤƥѡ饹Υ᥽åɤθƤӽФ
. ηϥ᥽åɤ˥ѡ饹Ѥ뤿
˻Ȥ.

    super

        ߤΥ᥽åɤͿ줿Τޤޥѥ饹Ʊ̾Υ᥽
        ɤƤӽФ.

    super(...)

        ȤȤ˥ѡ饹Ʊ̾Υ᥽åɤƤӽФ. ֺǸ
        ΰ`*'³̾Υ᥽åɸƤӽФƱ.

** 黻

ץߥ󥰤ؤΤ˰Υ᥽åɸƤӽФ湽¤ϱ黻ҷ
Ȥ. Rubyˤϰʲˤ黻Ҥ. ΤΤۤɷ̤, 
Ʊα黻Ҥη̤ƱǤ.

      -(unary)  +(unary)  !  ~
        **
        *  /  % 
        +  -
        <<  >>
        >  >=  <  <=
        <=> ==  !=  =~  !~
        &
        |  ^
        &&
        ||
        .. ...
        ::
        =() (+=, -=, ..)
      yield

ۤȤɤα黻ˤϥ᥽åɸƤӽФȤƲᤵ(饹˺
Ǥ), ǤʤüʤΤ. Ǥʤü黻
Ҥ

    	&&(), ||(), =(), ...(ϰϻ), 
	yield(֥åƤӽФ)

5ĤǤ.
  
Ǥü黻Ұʳα黻ҷϥ᥽åɸƤӽФȸʤ.
ñ黻(+, -, !, ~)

    1."黻"()

Ȥ, 2黻Ҥ

    1."黻"(2)

Ȳᤵ. ¿黻(λȤ[])ϱ黻ҷ̤ʷȤ

    recv[arg..]

,

    recv."[]"(arg..)

Ȳᤵ. ǤƱͤǤ.

** Ｐ

if, unless, while, untilξȽμ, ü黻`&&', `||',
`...'ξդμ, ̾黻`!'αդϾＰȸƤФ. ＰǤʸ
ɽƥϼ$_=~ƥפξάǤȤߤʤ. 
黻`...'ξդǤƥ뤬$.==ƥפξάȲᤵ.

: 黻`!'ü黻ҤǤϤʤΤ, Ԥʤ˵Ĥ
뤳. 

	! ʸƥ
	! ɽƥ

ηǸƤӽФ᥽åɤΰ, ƥɽ֥ȤǤϤʤ.
`!'᥽åɤϺʤɤȻפ.

** 

ˤѿФ(), ץñˤ뤿Υ
å奬ȤƤ. ϰʲηǤ.

    ѿ = 

ϼɾ, ѿͤȤ. 饹⥸塼䵿ѿ
ˤǤʤ. 饹⥸塼ѹ뤿ˤclassʸ,
moduleʸѤ. ϱ黻ҷȤäƤ뤬, ᥽åɤǤϤʤ
Ǻ뤳ȤϤǤʤ.

󥿥å奬ȤƤϰʲΤΤ.

  Ǥؤ

    1[2,..] = n

    1ɾ륪֥Ȥ, 2鼰nޤǤȤ
    , "[]="Ȥ᥽åɤƤӽФ.

  °

    1.̻ = 2

    1ɾ륪֥ȤФ"̻="Ȥ᥽
    ɤ, 2ȤƸƤӽФ.

  

    1 op= 2     # 1ǽǤʤФʤʤ.

    ηŪˡּ1 = 1 op 2פŸ, ¹Ԥ. 
    ϥץޤΥ׿򸺤餹ŪΤ¸ߤǤ
    . opȤƻȤ黻Ҥ

        +, -, *, /, %, **, &, |, ^, <<, >>

    11Ǥ. 黻Ҥ`='δ֤˥ڡƤϤʤ.

*** ¿

ƱʣѿԤʤȤǤ. ηϰʲ̤Ǥ.

    ѿ, [ѿ,...] =  [, ]

դμĤʤ, , ͤǤˤǤ
ѿ. ʳξˤ, 줾μͤѿ
. դѿοȱդǤοʤˤ­ʤѿˤ
nil, ;äǤ̵뤵.

    foo, bar = [1, 2]		# foo = 1; bar = 2
    foo, bar = 1, 2		# foo = 1; bar = 2
    foo, bar = 1		# foo = 1; bar = nil

    foo, bar, baz = 1, 2	# foo = 1; bar = 2; baz = nil
    foo, bar = 1, 2, 3		# foo = 1; bar = 2

** ʬ

  if 1 [then]
    ʸ1 
  [ elsif 2 [then]
    ʸ2 ]... 
  [ else 
    ʸn ]
  end [ if ]

    Ƚʸ. else if ǤelifǤʤelsififϢ³ԤʤȤ
    դ뤳.

  unless 1 [then]
    ʸ1 
  [ else 
    ʸ2 ]
  end [ unless ]

    1(nil)֤, 2ɾ㳰ȯʸ1ɾ
    .

  1 && 2

    1ɾ, ͤ(nilʳ)Ǥ, 2ɾ.

  1 || 2

    1ɾ, ͤǤ, 2ɾ.

  1 ... 2

    1ˤʤޤǤϵ֤, θϼ2֤ޤǤϿ֤. 
    2ˤʤо֤ϵ

  case 0
  [ when 1 [, 2]...
    ʸ1 ]...
  [ else
    ʸn ]
  end [ case ]

    ʬ, CswitchPascalcase˻Ƥ. breakæФ뤳
    Ȥʸ˷³뤳ȤʤΤ.

    ΰפϡּn =~ 0]ǹԤʤ. Ĥޤ,

         case expr0
         when expr1, expr2
           stmt1
         when expr3, expr4
           stmt2
         else
           stmt3
         end

    ϰʲifʸǤ.

          _tmp = expr0
          if expr1 =~ _tmp || expr2 =~ _tmp
            stmt1
          elsif expr3 =~ _tmp || expr4 =~ _tmp
             stmt2
          else
             stmt3
          end

** ֤

  while 
    ʸ
  end [ while ]

    郎δ, ʸ򷫤֤¹Ԥ.

  until 
    ʸ
  end [ until ]
  1 until 2

    (nil)֤, ɾ㳰ȯ, ʸ򷫤֤
    Ԥ.

** ƥ졼

ƥ졼Ȥ湽¤(ä˥롼)ݲΤѤ᥽åɤ
Ǥ. ƥ졼θƤӽФϰʲιʸǹԤʤ.

  do
    ʸ1
  using ѿ
    ʸ2
  end [ do ]

    ʸ2פ֥åȤꤷ, ʸ1Υ᥽åɤ򥤥ƥ졼Ȥɾ
    . ʸ1Υȥåץ٥Υ᥽åɤƥ졼ȤƸƤӽФ, 
    쥷Фɽ, μϥƥ졼ȤƤϸƤӽФʤ. ʸ
    1ʣμгơƥ졼Ȥƽ˸ƤФ.

ƥ졼yield value¹Ԥ, ͤdoʸǻꤵ줿ѿ
֥å¹Ԥ. ֥åμ¹ԤλȤͤ
yieldͤȤ֤. ᥽åɤƥ졼ȤƸƤӽФ줿
ɤϴؿiterator_p()Τ뤳ȤǤ. ˤEnumerable⥸塼
grep᥽åɤΤ褦˥ƥ졼ȤƸƤФ줿̤Υ᥽åɤȤ
ƸƤФ줿Ȥưۤʤ᥽åɤ⤢.

  for ѿ in 
    ʸ
  end [ for ]

    γǤФʸ¹Ԥ. ϰʲdoʸǤ.

        do ().each using ѿ
          ʸ
        end

    äƼͤΥ֥Ȥ᥽åeachʤ, for¹
    㳰ȯ.

** 㳰

ͽʤ֤ȯˤ㳰ȯ. RubyǤ㳰
ª, ƻԤ, Ԥʤäꤹ뤳ȤǤ.

  protect
    ʸ1
  [ resque
    ʸ2 ]
  [ ensure
    ʸ3 ]
  end [ protect ]

    ʸ1¹Ԥ, μ¹㳰ȯresqueǻꤵ줿ʸ2
    ¹Ԥ. ensure᤬¸ߤprotectʸλɬ(
    ｪλǤʤ, 㳰, return, break, continue, redoʤɤˤ
    æФǤ)ʸ3¹Ԥ.

protectʳ, unless黻, until黻Ҥϱդͤ㳰ȯ
, դͤȤƵͿ줿ȸʤΤ, ۤ㳰
ԤʤäƤ뤳Ȥˤʤ.

** æ

  return []

    ᥽åɤμ¹Ԥλ. 

  continue
  redo
  break

    嵭3Ĥϥ롼ǻȤ.

    continueϤäȤ¦Υ롼פμη֤Ϥ. redoϥ롼
    Υ롼׾ΥåԤʤ鷺, ߤη֤ľ. break
    ϥ롼פæФ. CȰ㤤, breakϤäȤ¦Υ롼פæФ
    Ѥ, caseȴѤϻʤ.

  retry

    protectʸresqueǻȤ, protectʸϤᤫ¹Ԥ. 㳰
    ԤʤäƤƻԤΤ˻Ȥ.

  fail([å])       * Kernel饹Υ᥽åɤǤ.

    㳰ȯ. åͿ줿ˤȯե
    ̾, ֹ$@˥å$!˥åȤ.

** ƥ졼ǤΥ֥åƤӽФ

  yield 

    ƥ졼ǥ֥åθƤӽФԤʤ. yield¹Ԥ᥽
    ɤƥ졼ȤƸƤӽФƤʤˤ㳰ȯ.

** 饹

饹빽ʸϰʲ̤Ǥ.

   class 饹̾ [ : ѡ饹̾ ]
       
   end [ class ]

ͤnil. 饹̾ʸǻϤޤ뼱̻ҤǤ. 饹ΥͥȤϤ
ʤΤ¾ʸǤϥ饹Ǥʤ.

** ⥸塼

⥸塼빽ʸϰʲ̤Ǥ.

   module 饹̾
       
   end [ module ]

⥸塼̾ʸǻϤޤ뼱̻ҤǤ. 饹Ʊ, ⥸塼
ͥȤǤʤ.

** 󥯥롼

饹˥⥸塼򥤥󥯥롼ɤ빽ʸϰʲ̤Ǥ.

   include ⥸塼̾ [, ⥸塼̾...]

ߤΥ饹ޤϥ⥸塼(ȥåץ٥ǤObject)˻ꤷ
⥸塼򥤥󥯥롼ɤ. ˤä¿ŷѾ򥨥ߥ졼ȤǤ.

** ᥽å

̾(ðۥ᥽åɤǤʤ)᥽åηϰʲ̤Ǥ. ̾᥽
ϥͥȤǤʤΤ, ᥽åʸǤϥ᥽åʸƤӸ
ӽФʤ.

    def [func] ᥽å̾ [ (  [, ...][, * ] ) ]
        
    end [ def ]

᥽å̾ϼ̻ҤޤʸǤ. 黻Ҥκ򤹤ˤʸ
ǻꤹ.  ¤ӤκǸ`*', ¿Ϳ줿
°, ǸΰȤͿ(­ʤˤϥ顼).

`func'ꤵ줿ˤϤΥ᥽åɤϴؿǤƤӽФ
ȤǤؿŪ᥽åɤˤʤ.

** ðۥ᥽å

᥽åˤϤ⤦ðۥ᥽åɤ. ϰʲ̤Ǥ
.

   def .᥽å̾ [ (  [, ...][, * ] ) ]
       
   end [ def ]

ηϼͤǤ륪֥Ȥðۥ᥽åɤ. ͤ
(ӥȥ󥯥饹Ǥʤ)̾索֥Ȥ, 饹ޤϥ⥸塼Ǥ
ɬפ. ̾᥽åȤϰۤʤ, ϥ᥽åǤ
ȤƸƤӽФȤǤ.

ðۥ᥽åɤΥ֥Ȥˤ°᥽åɤǤ. ä̾
ϷѾʤ, 㳰Ȥƥ饹ðۥ᥽åɤϤΥ֥饹ˤ
. ؤХ饹ðۥ᥽åɤ¾Υ֥Ȼظ
ˤ륯饹᥽åɤƯ򤹤.

** ᥽åɤ̾

ʲηǥ᥽åɤ̾Ĥ뤳ȤǤ.

   def ᥽å̾1 ᥽å̾2

̾դ줿᥽åɤ, λǤΥ᥽åѤ, Υ
åɤƤ, Ť᥽åɤƤӽФ줿ΤƱƯ
.

** ᥽åä

᥽åɤäˤundefѤ.

   undef ᥽å̾

̻Ҥޤʸǻꤷ᥽åɤä.

defˤ̾undefˤäȤȥ饹Υ󥿥ե
򥹡ѥ饹Ωѹ뤳ȤǤ. , ʬȤ˥å
äƤդʤȴ¸Υ᥽åɤưʤʤǽ
.

* RubyȤ߹ߵǽ

Rubyץߥ󥰤δܤϥ饹, ⥸塼ȤΥ᥽åɤνǤ. 
RubyˤϽϤΤΤ˰ʲεǽȤ߹ޤƤ. 饤֥
ɤ뤳ȤˤäƵǽ뤬, ˴ؤƤϤ줾Υ饤֥
ΥɥȤ򻲾ȤƤ餤.

ü`+'ΤĤ᥽åɤϴؿ᥽åɤǤ.

** ؿ

Rubyˤϸ̩ʰ̣ǤϴؿϤʤKernel饹Υ᥽åɤΰ(
饹ؿǸƤӽФΤ), ؿŪѤ. ؿŪѤ
᥽åɤʲˤ. Υ᥽åɤݤˤϸߴ
ͤƹԤʤ٤Ǥ.

   _exit(status)						+

	ץμ¹Ԥλ. statusλơȤ.
	exit()Ȥϰä, 㳰ʤɤϰڹԤʤʤ. fork()θ, 
	ץλʤɤѤ.

   caller                                                       +
   caller(level)                                                +

        åե졼फ, ᥽åɤθƤӽФΥե
        ̾, ֹ, ǤȤ֤. levelͿ줿
        ϸߤΥåե졼levelʾξ֤.

   eof()							+

	ޥɥ饤󤫤ϤEOFãƤ, ֤.

   eval(expr)                                                   +

        exprȤͿ줿ʸrubyץȤƲ,¹Ԥ.

   exec(command)                                                +

        ߼¹ԤƤץλ, commandʸǻꤵ
        ̥ץư.

   exit([status])                                               +

        ץμ¹Ԥλ. statusȤͿ줿, 
        ͤRubyޥɤνλơȤ.  ǥեȤ0.

   fail([message])                                              +

        㳰ȯ. åͿ줿ˤϤ򥷥ƥ
        ѿ`$!'˥åȤ, ȯ֤򥷥ƥѿ`$@'˥åȤ.

   fork()                                                       +

        forkƥॳ¹Ԥ, ҥץ. ܺ٤
        fork(2)򻲾ȤΤ. ƥץ¦ǤϻҥץΥץid
        ֤, ҥץ¦Ǥnil֤. 餫θǻҥץ
        ˼Ԥˤ㳰ȯ.

   format(format, ...)                                          +

        եޥåȤȤͿ줿ʸCsprintfƱ褦
        ᤷ, Ÿʸ֤. ᥽åsprintf()̾.

	RubyˤformatҤγĥˤĤƤsprintf()ι򻲾Ȥ
	.

   getc()                                                       +

        ɸϤʸФ. ͤɤ߹ʸʸ
        (ASCII)ɽFixnumǤ.

   getenv(name)                                                 +

        name˳ĶѿФ.

   gets(pattern, replace)                                       +

        ȤͿ줿ե(ʤɸ)ɤ߹
        , ɤ߹ߤˤϤʸ֤. եν
        ãˤnil֤. Ԥζڤϥƥѿ`$/'ˤä
        ѹǤ. ɤ߹ʸϥƥѿ`$_'ˤ⥻åȤ.

   gsub()                                                       +

        ƥѿ`$_'λؤʸФִԤʤ. ʸ
        pattern˥ޥåʬreplace֤. String饹
        gsub᥽åɤβ򻲾ȤΤ.

   iterator_p()                                                 +

        ᥽åɤƥ졼ȤƸƤӽФ줿˿, Ǥʤ˵
        ֤Ҹ.

   kill(signal, pid...)                                         +

        pidǻꤵ줿ץ˥ʥ. ʥϥʥ
        椫̾ǻꤹ. ͤĥʥ(뤤ϥʥ̾
        `-')ͿȥץǤϤʤץ롼פ˥ʥ
        .

   load(file)                                                   +

        fileɤ. fileɤѥϥƥѿ$LOAD_PATH
        Ƿꤵ.

   open(file[, mode])                                           +

        file򥪡ץ󤷤, File֥Ȥ֤. ե̾ϥ
        󤹤ե򼨤. ե̾`|'ǻϤޤˤ³ʸ
        򥳥ޥɤȤƵư, ѥץ饤.

        ޥ̾"-"Ǥ, open()Rubyλҥץ, 
        λҥץȤΥѥפ֤.

        modeϥեΥ⡼ɤꤹ. ϰʲΤΤ
        줫ʸǤ.

            r   ɤ߹. openեϤ餫¸ߤƤ
                ɬפ.

            r+  ɤ߽ξ. openեϤ餫¸ߤƤ
                ɬפ.

            w   񤭹. ե뤬¸ߤƤ, Ĺ0ˤ
                . ¸ߤƤʤп˥ե.

            w+  ɤ߽ξ. ɤ߹ߤԤʤ뤳Ȱʳ"w"ƱƯ
                򤹤.

            a   ɲý񤭹. եϤ餫¸ߤƤɬ
                . 񤭹ߤϥեκǸɲä.

            a+  ɤ߽ξ. ե뤬¸ߤƤʤп˺
                . ֤ϥեκǸ˽.

        ⡼ɤά줿ΥǥեȤ"r"Ǥ.

   print(arg1, ..., argn)

        ˽Ϥ. Ϳʤˤϥ쥷ФϤ. 
        ʸʳΥ֥ȤȤͿ줿ˤ, 
	֥Ȥto_s᥽åɤˤäʸѴƤϤ.
        ƥѿ`$;'(ϥեɥѥ졼)nilǤʤͤ
        ȤƤˤ, ưδ֤ˤʸϤ. ƥ
        ѿ`$\'(ϥեɥѥ졼)nil ǤʤͤåȤ
        ˤ, ǸˤϤ.

   printf([port, ]format, arg1, ..., argn)                      +

        Cprintf()Ʊformat˽ʸѴ, Ϥ
        . 1IOΥ֥饹Υ󥹥󥹤ǤäϤΥ
        ֥ȤФƽϤԤʤ. ǥեȤ$stdout˽Ϥ.

	RubyˤformatҤγĥˤĤƤsprintf()ι򻲾Ȥ
	.

   rand(max)                                                    +

        0maxۤʤϰϤȯ. ͤFixnum.

   require(file)

	fileɤ. loadȤưΰ㤤requireϥɤե
	Υեѥѿ$LOAD_FILES˳ФƤ, ˥ɤե
	ϺƥɤʤǤ. ºݤ˥ɤˤ%TRUE, 
	˥ɤƤˤ%FALSE֤.

   select(reads[, writes[, execpts[, timeout]]])                +

        select(2)¹Ԥ. reads/writes/execptsˤIO(ޤϤΥ
        饹)Υ󥹥󥹤Ϳ.  timeoutFixnum / Float
        / TimeΤ줫ǻꤹ.  ͤtimeoutΩˤ
        nil, ǤʤȤ3Ǥ֤, γǤ//
        㳰ԤΥ֥ȤǤȤƻ.

   setenv(name, value)                                          +

        nameǻꤵĶѿvalue˥åȤ.

   sleep([sec])                                                 +

        secäץμ¹Ԥߤ. secά줿, ץ
        SIGALRMʤ¤, ʵפ˥꡼פ. ºݤ˥꡼
        פÿ֤.

   sprintf(format, ...)                                         +

        formatʸCsprintfƱ褦˲ᤷ, Ÿ
        ʸ֤. ᥽åformat()̾.


	formatҤCsprintf()դ(, Ruby
	 unsignedʤΤ, %uϽ)˲ä, %b, %B, %O, %XȤ
	ȤǤ. %bϿͤ2ɽ, %B, %O, %X, 줾, 2,
	8 , 16ʿɽԤʤ, ονκݤ2ɽ
	Ϥʤ, ɽƬ`-'ĤΤɽ.

   srand([])                                              +

        νͤꤷ, Ť֤ͤ. ͤά줿
        time(3)֤ͤǥեȤȤ.

   sub()                                                        +

        ƥѿ`$_'λؤʸФִԤʤ. ʸǺ
        pattern˥ޥåʬreplace֤. String饹
        sub᥽åɤβ򻲾ȤΤ.

   system(command)                                              +

        ޥɤ¹Ԥ, νλơ֤.

   system2(command)                                             +

        ޥɤ¹Ԥ, νϤʸȤ֤.

   trap(command, signal...)                                     +

        signalγߤäcommand¹Ԥ.  signalϥ
        ʥ̾ʥֹ. commandȤSIG_IGNޤIGNORE
        ˤϤΥʥ̵뤹(ǽʤ). SIG_DFLޤ
        DEFAULTꤷϥǥեȤưԤʤ.

   wait()                                                       +

        ҥץλΤԤ, λҥץpid֤. 
        ҥץĤʤnil֤.

   waitpid(pid, flags)                                          +

        λҥץνλԤ, Υץλ˿
        . ҥץ¸ߤʤ, Υ֥å󥰥⡼ɤǻҥץ
        ޤλƤʤˤnil֤. waitpid(2)wait4(2)
        ƤʤޥǤflagsϤĤnilޤ0ǤʤФ
        ʤ.

** ƥѿ

   $!           顼å. fail()ꤹ.

   $@           顼ȯΥե̾ȹֹ椬

                    "ե:ֹ[:᥽å̾()]"

                ηǳǼ.

   $&           Ǹѥޥå

   $1..$9       Ǹѥޥånܤγ̤˥ޥå
                ͤǼ. ̤ʤniläƤ.

   $~           ǸΥޥå˴ؤ. 򥻥åȤ$&$1..$9
                ͤѲ.

   $=           ѿͤnilǤʤ, ѥޥåʸ
                Ӥǥե٥åȤʸʸ̤ʤ. ǥե
                Ȥnil(̤).

   $/           ϥ쥳ɥѥ졼. եʸФeach
                Ԥʤʬʸꤹ. $/˶ʸ("")ꤹ
                ñ̤ϤԤʤ, nilꤹΤ
                ɤ߹. $/ˤɽϻȤʤ. ǥեȤ
                "\n".

   $\           ϥ쥳ɥѥ졼. ѿʸꤹ
                write()print()٤˺ǸˤʸղäƽϤ
                . ǥեȤnil(ʤˤɲäʤ).

   $,		Array:join()ΥǥեȤζڤʸ. print()γư
		δ֤˽Ϥʸ.

   $;		String:split()ΥǥեȤζڤʸ.

   $.           Ǹɤϥեιֹ.

   $_           Ǹgets()ʤɤɤ߹ʸ.

   $0           rubyץȤ̾

   $*           rubyץȤͿ줿. rubyȤФ
                Ƥ.

   $$           ߼¹rubyץpid.

   $?           Ǹ˼¹Ԥҥץstatus.

   $ARGV        $*Ʊ.

   $ENV		Ķѿ˥Ϣ(EnvDict). ѿ
		 `for'Ԥʤѿ̾ͤΥڥͿ.

   $FILENAME    ؿgets()Ǹɤ߹Υե̾.

   $DEBUG	`-d'ե饰ξ()

   $LOAD_PATH   եɤ˸ǥ쥯ȥؤΥѥ
                ޤ. ưˤϥǥե(ѥ˻ꤹ
                )˲ä, ĶѿRUBYLIBͤrubyư-Iץ
                ǻꤵ줿ͤɲä.

   $stdin       ɸ
   $stdout      ɸ
   $stderr      ɸ२顼

   $VERBOSE	`-v'ե饰ξ()

   $VERSION     rubyΥС򼨤ʸ

** ƥ

   %TRUE        1(Fixnum)
   %FALSE       nil

        줾쿿ͤɽ. ȽǤnil, ʳƤͤ
        ȤȽǤ뤿, ֤ͤ᥽åɤ%TRUEʳͤ
        Τ¸ߤΤ, ӤѤΤŬڤǤʤȤդ
        Ǥ. 㤨мμϿˤʤʤ.

                (2 < 3) == %TRUE

        ᥽å"<"Ͽλ֤ͤΤ, ξͤ3Ǥ, 
        %TRUE1Ȥϰۤʤ. %FALSE˴ؤƤ, Τ褦
        ʤ.

** 饹/⥸塼

*** Array(饹)

źȤΥ饹Ǥ. ϰŪˤ``[...]''
Ԥʤ.

SuperClass: Object

Included Modules: Enumerable

Methods:

   self[nth]
   self[start..end]
   self[start, length]

        Ǥ˥. ǽηǤnthܤǤ
        ֤, 2ܤηǤstartܤǤendܤǤޤ
        ʬ֤. 3ܤηǤstartܤlengthĤǤޤ
        ʬ֤.

   self[nth] = val
   self[start..end] = val
   self[start, length] = val

        Ǥѹ. ǽηǤnthܤǤval
        ѹ. 2ܤηstartܤǤendܤǤޤǤ
        valѹ. 3ܤηǤstartܤlengthĤǤval
        ѹ.

        2, 3ܤηǤvalǤʤФʤʤ.

        :

          ary = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
          ary[0..2] = [0, 0] # Ƥ [0, 0, 4, 5]
          ary[1, 0] = [7]    # Ƥ [0, 7, 0, 6, 5]

   self + other

        Ϣ. selfotherξƤҤ
        ֤.

   self * times

        η֤.

   self << obj

        objɲä. self֤ΤC++ŪϢǤ.

   assoc(key)

        Ϣۥꥹ(2ǤǤȤ)򸡺, 1Ǥkey
        ("=="Ӥ)֤.

   clear

	礭0ˤ.

   delete(item)

	itemȰפǤ.

   delete_if

        Ǥ륤ƥ졼. ֥åɾͤλ, б
        Ǥ󤫤.

   each

        γǤͿ륤ƥ졼.

   fill(val)
   fill(val, start[, length])
   fill(val, start..end)

	(λꤵ줿ʬ)Ǥͤvalꤹ. 2֤η
	lengthά줿νޤǤĹȤ. ꤵ줿
	ʬ󤬸ϰϤۤϼưŪ˳ĥ.

   join([sep])

        ǤϢ뤷ʸ֤. ǤʸѴ, 
        sep򶴤Ϣ뤵. sepά줿ˤϥƥѿ`$,'
        ͤѤ.

   length

        Ĺ(ǿ)֤.

   push(obj)

        objɲä.

   pack(template)

        Ƥtemplateʸˤä, 1Ĥʸ˥ѥå
        . ѥåʸ֤. ƥץ졼ȤϷʸȤĹ
        (ά1)¤٤ΤǤ. ĹȤ`*'ꤵ줿
        ֻĤΥǡơפĹɽ.

        ʸϰʲΤΤ.

          a     ASCIIʸ(nullʸͤ)
          A     ASCIIʸ(ڡͤ)
          b     ӥåȥȥ(̥ӥåȤ̥ӥå)
          B     ӥåȥȥ(̥ӥåȤ鲼̥ӥå)
          h     16ʸ(̥˥֥뤬)
          H     16ʸ(̥˥֥뤬)
          c     char
          C     unsigned char
          s     sort
          S     unsigned sort
          i     int
          I     unsigned int
          l     long
          L     unsigned int
          n     ͥåȥХȥshort
          N     ͥåȥХȥlong
          f     ñư(¸)
          d     ư(¸)
          x     ʥХ
          X     1Хȸ
          @     а֤ؤΰư

   pop

        Ǥ, ֤.

   rassoc(value)

        Ϣۥꥹ(2ǤǤȤ)򸡺, 2Ǥ
        value("=="Ӥ)֤.

   shift

        ƬǤ, ֤.

   sort

        Ƥ򥽡Ȥ. ƥ졼ȤƸƤӽФ줿ϥ֥
        ɾͤǤ羮ꤹ. 礭, 
        0, . ̾Υ᥽åɤȤƸƤӽФ줿ϳ
        `<=>'Ӥ.

   to_a

	ʬȤ֤. оΤѰդƤ᥽åɤǤޤ
	򤯤ʤ.

   unshift(obj)

        objƬɲä.

*** Bignum(饹)

̵¿ĹΥ饹. 黻η̤FixnumϰǤˤϼ
ưŪ˥饹FixnumѴ. ŪRubyץǤFixnum 
BignumѴϰۤΤ˹ԤΤ, ռɬפ̵. FloatȤ
˴ؤƤ, Bignum Floatgenericity⤤Τˤؤ餺,
Bignum, 礭ͤɽǤΤ, Ѵ˷ǽ
.


SuperClass: Integer

Methods:

   self + other
   self - other
   self * other
   self / other
   self % other
   self ** other

        ѱ黻. 줾, , , , ;, Ѿ֤.

   ~ self
   self | other
   self & other
   self ^ other

        ӥåȱ黻. 줾ӥåȿž, , , ¾Ū¤
        ֤.

   self << bits
   self >> bits

        եȱ黻. 줾bitsӥåȤ˥ӥåȥեȤԤʤ.

   divmod(other)

	Ⱦ;2Ǥ֤.

*** Class(饹)

饹Υ饹. 긷̩ȥ饹ðۥ᥽åɤѾ뤿
, 줾᥿饹ȸƤФ̾Τʤ饹򥯥饹Ȥƻ,
ClassϤΥ᥿饹Υ饹Ǥ(ʬä?). , β⤬
ǤʤƤ, RubyȤȤ˲λپʤ.

SuperClass: Module

Methods:

   attr(name[, public])

	Υ饹Υ󥹥󥹤Фnameǻꤵ°. 
	ܤModuleattr᥽åɤι򻲾ȤΤ.

   new(...)

        饹Υ󥹥󥹤. ¿ξ礳Υ᥽åɤϥ֥
        饹ðۥ᥽åɤˤäƥС饤ɤ, 饹ˤäư
        ۤʤ.

*** Comparable(⥸塼)

 ӱ黻饹ΤMixin. Υ⥸塼򥤥󥯥롼ɤ뤳
 Ȥˤä, `<=>'¾α黻ҤϤѤ
 .

Methods:

   self > other

        selfother礭֤.

   self >= other

        selfother礭֤.

   self < other

        selfother꾮֤.

   self <= other

        selfother꾮֤.

   between(min, max)

        selfminmaxϰˤ֤.

*** DBM(饹)

NDBMե򥢥륯饹. , ǡȤʸǤʤФ
ʤȤ¤, ǡե¸ȤƤ 
Dict饹Ʊͤ˰ȤǤ. NDBMƤʤƥǤ
Υ饹ؤΥ㳰ȯ.

SuperClass: Object

Included Modules: Enumerable

Methods:

   self [key]

        key򥭡Ȥ֤ͤ.

   self [key]= value

        key򥭡Ȥ, valueǼ. valueȤnilꤹ,
        keyФܤκȤʤ.

   clear

	DBMեȤˤ.

   close

        DBMե򥯥. ʸ㳰ȯ.

   delete(key)

        key򥭡ȤȤ.

   delete_if

	Ǥ륤ƥ졼. [key, value]ȤͿ, ֥
	ɾͤλ, ܤ.

   each
   each_value

        ƤvalueФƷ֤ƥ졼.

   each_key

        ƤkeyФƷ֤ƥ졼.

   each_pair

        [key, value]ʤͿ륤ƥ졼.

   includes(key)
   has_key(key)

        keyǡ١¸ߤ, ֤

   has_value(value)

        valueͤȤȤǡ١¸ߤ, 
        ֤

   keys

        ǡ١¸ߤ륭Ƥޤ֤.

   length

	ǡ١Ǥο֤. (:ߤμ¸Ǥǿ
	뤿˥ǡ١Τ, 빽Ȥ⤤. 
	ĤƻȤ.)

   to_a

	ǡ١key-valueڥǤȤ֤.

   values

        ǡ١¸ߤƤޤ֤.

Single Methods:

   open(dbname[, mode])

        dbnameǻꤷǡ١⡼ɤmodeꤷƥץ
        . modeξάͤ0666Ǥ. modeȤnilꤹȥǡ
        ١¸ߤʤˤϿ˥ץ󤻤, nil֤.

*** Dict(饹)

񤢤뤤Ϣ. ǤդΥ֥ȤźȤǤΥ饹Ǥ
. HashȤ̾Ǥ⥢Ǥ. Ϣ󥪥֥Ȥϰ
ŪˤϢ``{a=>b,..}'' ǹԤʤ.

SuperClass: Object

Included Modules: Enumerable

Methods:

   self [key]

        key򥭡Ȥ֤ͤ.

   self [key]= value

        key򥭡Ȥ, valueǼ. valueȤnilꤹȤ
        keyФܤκȤʤ. Ĥޤ, DictͤȤnil
        ȤϤǤʤ.

   clear

	Ϣˤ.

   delete(key)

        key򥭡ȤȤ.

   delete_if

	Ǥ륤ƥ졼. [key, value]ȤͿ, ֥
	ɾͤλ, ܤ.

   each
   each_value

        ƤvalueФƷ֤ƥ졼.

   each_key

        ƤkeyФƷ֤ƥ졼.

   each_pair

        [key, value]ʤͿ륤ƥ졼.

   includes(key)
   has_key(key)

        key¸ߤ, ֤

   has_value(value)

        valueͤȤȤ¸ߤ, ֤

   keys

        ¸ߤ륭Ƥޤ֤.

   length

	Ǥο֤.

   to_a

	key-valueڥǤȤ֤.

   values

        ¸ߤƤޤ֤.

Single Methods:

   new

        ()񥪥֥Ȥ֤.

*** Directory(饹)

ǥ쥯ȥǤ֤ǥ쥯ȥꥹȥ꡼ΤΥ饹. 
DirȤ̾Ǥ⥢Ǥ.

SuperClass: Object

Included Modules: Enumerable

Methods:

   close

        ǥ쥯ȥꥹȥ꡼򥯥. ʸ㳰ȯ
        .

   each

        ǥ쥯ȥγǤͿ륤ƥ졼.

   getwd
   pwd

        ȥǥ쥯ȥ֤.

   rewind

        ǥ쥯ȥꥹȥ꡼Ƭ˥ꥻåȤ.

   seek(pos)

        ǥ쥯ȥꥹȥ꡼ΰ֤posꤹ.

   tell

        ǥ쥯ȥꥹȥ꡼θߤΰ֤֤.

Single Methods:

   chdir(path)

        ȥǥ쥯ȥpathѹ.

   chroot(path)

        ץΥ롼ȥǥ쥯ȥѹ, Ʊ̾Υƥॳ
        ƱƯ򤹤. ϼ¸uidѥ桼Ǥ
        ¤Ƥ. 롼ȥǥ쥯ȥ򸵤᤹(롼ȥǥ쥯
        ѹ)ˡ󶡤Ƥʤ.

   mkdir(path[, mode])

        modeǻꤵ줿⡼ɤĥǥ쥯ȥpath. ⡼
        umaskˤäƽ. modeΥǥեͤ0777.

   open(path)

        pathФǥ쥯ȥꥹȥ꡼򥪡ץ󤹤.

   rmdir(path)

        pathǻꤵ줿ǥ쥯ȥ. ǥ쥯ȥ϶Ǥ
        ɬפ.

*** Enumerable(⥸塼)

ǤФ뷫֤Ԥʤ饹ΤMixin. Υ⥸塼򥤥
롼ɤ뤿ˤ, ᥽å`each'ɬפ.

Methods:

   collect

        ǤФƥ֥åɾ̤ƴޤ֤

   find

        ǤФƥ֥åɾͤˤʤäǽǤ֤.

   find_all

        ǤФƥ֥åɾͤǤäǤƴޤ
        ֤.

   grep(pattern)

        pattern =~ ǡפΩƤǤޤ֤. 
        졼ȤѤ줿Ͼ嵭ξΩǤФƥ֥
        ¹Ԥ.

   includes(val)

	val`=='δطˤǤĻ, ֤.

   index(val)

	val`=='δطˤ륪֥Ȥܤ˸줿֤. 
	ֺǽǤ0ˤʤ. Ǥ¸ߤʤˤnil֤. 
	ʤ饹ФƤϤޤ̣ʤ.

   min

	ǾǤ֤. Ǥ`<=>'᥽åɤĤȤۤΤ
	˲ꤷƤ.

   max

	Ǥ֤. Ǥ`<=>'᥽åɤĤȤۤΤ
	˲ꤷƤ.

   reverse

        ƤǤս¤٤֤.

   sort

        ƤǤ򥽡Ȥ֤.

*** EnvDict(饹)

Ķѿ뤿Υ饹. ƥѿ$ENVͣΥ󥹥󥹤
Ƥ.

SuperClass: Object

Included Modules: Enumerable

Methods:

   [name]

	Ķѿ֤ͤ.

   [name]= val

	Ķѿͤvalꤹ. valȤnilꤷˤ, 
	Ķѿ.

   delete(name)

	Ķѿ.

   each

	Ķѿ̾ͤΥڥͿ륤ƥ졼.

*** Etc(⥸塼)

/etcǥ쥯ȥʲξ뤿Υ⥸塼. 饹˥󥯥롼
ƻȤȤǤ.

Methods:
Single Methods:

   getlogin

	ʬlogin֤̾. 줬Ԥgetpwuid()Ѥ
	ɤ.

   getpwnam(name)

	/etc/passwdե(뤤DBMեNISǡ١)
	, name̾passwdȥ֤. ͤpasswd¤
	ΤǰʲΥФ.

	  struct passwd
	    name 	# 桼̾(ʸ)
	    passwd	# ѥ(ʸ)
	    uid		# 桼ID()
	    gid		# 롼ID()
	    gecos	# gecosե(ʸ)
	    dir		# ۡǥ쥯ȥ(ʸ)
	    shell	# 󥷥(ʸ)
	    # ʹߤΥФϥƥˤäƤϤʤΤ⤢
	    change	# ѥѹ()
	    quota	# ()
	    age		# ()
	    class	# 桼饹(ʸ)
	    comment	# (ʸ)
	    expire	# ͭ()	    
	  end

	ܺ٤getpwnam(3)򻲾ȤΤ.

   getpwuid([uid])

	uid桼IDȤpasswdȥ֤. ͤgetpwnam()
	ƱͤǤ. άˤgetuid()ͤѤ. ܺ٤
	getpwuid(3)򻲾ȤΤ.

   getgrgid(gid)

	/etc/groupե(뤤ϡgetpwnam)򸡺, gid򥰥롼
	IDȤ륰롼ץȥ֤. ͤgroup¤Τǰʲ
	Ф.

	  struct group
	    name 	# 롼̾(ʸ)
	    passwd	# 롼פΥѥ(ʸ)
	    gid		# 롼ID()
	    mem		# 롼ץ̾
	  end

	ܺ٤getgrgid(3)򻲾ȤΤ.

   getgrnam(name)

	nameȤ̾Υ롼ץȥ֤. ͤgetgrgid()Ʊ
	ͤǤ. ܺ٤getgrnam(3)򻲾.

   group

	ƤΥ롼ץȥ˥뤿Υƥ졼.

   passwd

	Ƥpasswdȥ˥뤿Υƥ졼.

*** File(饹)

ե륢ΤΥ饹. ؿ᥽åopen(). ޤ,
Υ饹ðۥ᥽åɤȤtestΥեƥȱ黻Υ᥽å
Ƥ.

SuperClass: IO

Methods:

   atime

        եκǽ֤.

   ctime

        եκǽơѹ֤.

   chmod(mode)

        եΥѡߥåѹ(cf chmod(2)).

   chmod(owner, group)

        եνͭԤȥ롼פѹ(cf chown(2)).  nil-1
        ꤹ뤳ȤˤäƽͭԤ䥰롼פ򸽺ߤΤޤѤʤǤ
        ȤǤ.

   eof

        եνüã˿֤.

   lstat

        ե˴ؤStat¤Τ֤. lstatϥե뤬ܥ
        󥯤ǤХ󥯤ΤΤ˴ؤStat¤Τ֤. ¤
        ƤˤĤƤstat 򻲾ȤΤ.

   mtime

        եκǽ֤.

   rewind

        եΥեݥ󥿤ΰ֤Ƭ˰ư.

   path

        եΥѥ֤̾.

   seek(offset, ptrname)

        եΥեݥ󥿤ΰ֤offset˰ư.  ptrname
        0, 1, 2Τ줫Ǥä, 줾եƬ, ߰, 
        եνüΤΤ줫Ф򼨤.

   stat()

        ե˴ؤStat¤Τ֤(Struct 򻲾).

	  struct stat
	    dev	 	# ե¸ߤǥХ
	    ino		# եi-nodeֹ
	    mode	# ⡼
	    nlink	# ϡɥ󥯤ο
	    uid		# ͭԤΥ桼ID
	    gid		# ͭԤΥ롼ID
	    rdev	# ǥХID(ڥեΤ)
	    size	# ե륵(byte)
	    blksize	# ե륷ƥˤŬڤʥ֥å
	    blocks	# ֥å
	    atime	# ǽ
	    mtime	# ǽ
	    ctime	# ǽѹ
	  end

	ܺ٤fstat(2)򻲾ȤΤ. ƥƤ
	stat¤Τ˳Фʤ0ꤵƤ.

   tell

        եθߤΥեݥ󥿤ΰ֤֤.

   truncate(length)

        եڤΤƤƺlengthХȤˤ. եwrite⡼
        ɤǥץ󤵤ƤʤФʤʤ.

Single Methods:

   atime(filename)

        filenameκǽ֤.

   b(filename)

        filenameΥե뤬֥åڥեǤ, 
        .

   c(filename)

        filenameΥե뤬饯ڥեǤ, 
        ֤.

   ctime(filename)

        filenameκǽơѹ֤.

   chmod(mode, path, file...)

        եΥѡߥåѹ(cf chmod(2)).

   chown(owner, group, file...)

        եνͭԤȥ롼פѹ(cf chown(2)). nil-1
        ꤹ뤳ȤˤäƽͭԤ䥰롼פ򸽺ߤΤޤѤʤǤ
        ȤǤ.

   executable(filename)
   x(filename)

        filenameΥե뤬¹Բǽλ, ֤.

   exists(filename)
   e(filename)
   a(filename)

        filenameΥե뤬¸ߤ, ֤.

   G(filename)

        filenameΥեgid¸롼פgidƱ, ֤.

   isdirectory(filename)
   d(filename)

        filenameǥ쥯ȥλ, ֤.

   isfile(filename)
   f(filename)

        filenameΥե뤬̾եλ, ֤.

   islink(filename)
   l(filename)

        filenameΥե뤬ܥå󥯤Ǥ, ֤.

   ispipe(filename)
   p(filename)

        filenameΥե뤬̾Ĥѥ(FIFO)Ǥ, ֤.

   issocket(filename)
   S(filename)

        filenameΥե뤬åȤǤ, ֤.

   link(old, new)

        oldؤΥϡɥnew. link(2)Ʊ¤.

   mtime(filename)

        filenameκǽ֤.

   owned(filename)
   O(filename)

        filenameΥե¸桼ͭƤ, ֤.

   readable(filename)
   r(filename)

        filenameΥեɤߤȤǽλ, ֤.

   readlink(path)

        ܥåpathƤʸȤ֤.

   rename(from, to)

        ե̾fromtoѹ. rename(2). toȤ̾
        Υե뤬¸ߤˤϤޤΥե뤬.

   R(filename)

        filenameΥեuid/gidɤߤȤǽλ, ֤.

   setuid(filename)
   u(filename)

        filenameΥեsetuidӥåȤåȤƤ, ֤.

   setuid(filename)
   g(filename)

        filenameΥեsetuidӥåȤåȤƤ, ֤.

   size(filename)
   s(filename)

        filenameΥե뤬¸ߤ, ե礭֤. ¸ߤ
        ʤnil֤.

   sticky(filename)
   g(filename)

        filenameΥեstickyӥåȤåȤƤ, ֤.

   symlink(old, new)

        oldؤΥܥånew.

   truncate(path, length)

        pathǻꤵ줿եڤΤƤƺlengthХȤˤ.

   unlink(file...)

        ե. ǥ쥯ȥκˤDir.rmdirȤ.

   utime(atime, mtime, file...)

        եΥatime, mtimeꤹ. 
        atime, mtimeϿޤTime饹Υ󥹥󥹤ǤʤФʤ
        .

   writable(filename)
   w(filename)

        filenameΥե뤬uid/gidǽ񤭹߲ǽλ, ֤.

   W(filename)

        filenameΥե뤬񤭹߲ǽλ, ֤.

   z(filename)

        filenameΥե뤬¸ߤ, 礭0Ǥ, ֤.

*** Fixnum(饹)

31bitΥ饹. builtin classǤ. Υ饹pointer¨ͤ
뤿call by valueǸƤӽФħŪǤ(¾Υ饹call
by reference). 黻η̤31bitۤˤϼưŪBignum(̵¿
Ĺ)˳ĥ.

ƥ졼upto(), downto(), step()Ϸ֤ΤѤ, ̤
Range饹Ѥ®Ǥ.

SuperClass: Integer

Methods:

   self + other
   self - other
   self * other
   self / other
   self % other
   self ** other

        ѱ黻. 줾, , , , ;, Ѿ֤.

   ~ self
   self | other
   self & other
   self ^ other

        ӥåȱ黻. 줾ӥåȿž, , , ¾Ū¤
        ֤.

   self << bits
   self >> bits

        եȱ黻. 줾bitsӥåȤ˥ӥåȥեȤԤʤ.

   self .. max

        ϰϻ. self  maxޤǤϰϥ֥Ȥ֤.

   downto(min)

        ƥ졼. selfminޤǲ˷֤.

   id2name

	ͤIDȤߤʤ, ʸ֤. ʸ
	¸ߤʤnil֤.

   step(max, step)

        ƥ졼. selfmaxޤstepѲʤ, ֤.

   to_f

        selfFloatѴΤ֤.

   to_i

        self򤽤Τޤ֤.

   upto(max)

        ƥ졼. selfmaxޤǷ֤.

*** Float(饹)

 ưΥ饹.

SuperClass: Numeric

Methods:

   self + other
   self - other
   self * other
   self / other
   self % other
   self ** other

        ѱ黻. 줾, , , , ;, Ѿ֤.

   self == other
   self > other

        ӱ黻.

   coerce(num)

        numfloatѴ. FloatǤ¾ο
        FixnumǤ.

   to_f

        self򤽤Τޤ֤.

   to_i

        floatѴ̤֤.

Single Methods:

   new(float)

	floatƱͤĿFloat֥Ȥ֤.

*** GC(⥸塼)

RubyȤ߹ߤgarbage collectorԤʤΥ⥸塼. Υ
塼Υ᥽åɤѤ뤳Ȥˤä, ŪGCߤ᤿, GCε
륿ߥ󥰤椷Ǥ.

gcϻϤޤˤΥ⥸塼start_hook᥽åɤ, äˤ
end_hook᥽åɤƤӽФ, ᥽åɤ뤳Ȥˤä
hook򤫤뤳ȤǤ.

Methods:

   garbage_collect                                              +

        GC򳫻Ϥ. GC.startפƱ.

Single Methods:

   disable

        GCػߤ.

   enable

        GCĤ.

   start

        GC򳫻Ϥ.

   threshold

        GCγϥߥ󥰤ꤹͤθߤ֤ͤ.

   threshold=(val)

        GCͤꤹ. Ť֤ͤ.

   start_hook
   end_hook

        GCγϻ, λˤ줾ƤФ. ǥեȤǤϲ⤷ʤ
        ᥽åɤƤ.

*** Integer(饹)

饹. ºݤϤ礭ˤäFixnumBignumĤΥ֥饹
Ǽ¸Ƥ. IntegerϤΥѡ饹Ȥʤݥ饹Ǥ
. RubyǤϤۤȤɤξ, FixnumBignumζ̤ɬפʤ, ߤѴ
ϼưŪ˹Ԥʤ. ӥåȤߤʤˤ, ̵¤Ĺ
ĥӥåȹͤƹʤ.

SuperClass: Numeric

Methods:

   self[idx]

	idxӥåܤåȤƤ1, åȤƤʤ
	0֤.

   chr

	ο򥳡ɤȤʸޤ1ʸʸ֤. ̤
	Ĺ1ʾʸˤĤ, δطΩ.

		str[0].chr == str[0,1]

	ʸϰ(0..255)ˤʤ㳰ȯ.

   is_integer

	Ĥ⿿֤.

*** IO(饹)

ϤΤδܥ饹.

SuperClass: Object

Included Modules: Enumerable

Methods:

   self << object

        objectϤ. objectʸǤʤˤϥ᥽åto_sѤ
        ʸѴ. selfͤȤΤ, C++Τ褦`<<'
        ϢȤ.

        :

            $stdout << 1 << " is a " << Fixnum

   close

        ϥݡȤ򥯥. ʸΤΥ֥ȤФ
        ϥ顼ˤʤ.

   each

        Ԥɤ߹Ǥ뤿Υƥ졼. Ԥζڤϥƥ
        `$/'ˤäѹǤ. ɤ߹ʸϥƥѿ`$_'
        ⥻åȤ.

   each_byte()

        ʸɤ߹Ǥ뤿Υƥ졼. ʸʸɤɽ
        FixnumǤ.

   fileno

        IO֥ȤȤäƤեǥץ(Fixnum)֤.

   flush

        Хåեեå夹.

   getc

        ɤ߹, ɤ߹ߤˤϤʸ֤. ե
        νãˤnil֤. ؿŪ᥽åɤgetc()
        $stdin.getcƱ̣Ǥ.

   gets

        ɤ߹, ɤ߹ߤˤϤʸ֤. ե
        νãˤnil֤.

   isatty

        ϥݡȤttyǤ, ֤.

   puts(obj)

        objϤ. self << objפƱ̣Ǥ.

   read([length])

        lengthХɤ߹, ʸ֤. lengthά줿
        ˤ, ƤΥǡɤ߹.

   sync

	ߤνƱ⡼ɤ򿿵֤ͤ. Ʊ⡼ɤλϽϴ
	θƽ˥Хåեեå夵.

   sync=(newstate)

        Ʊ⡼ɤꤹ.

   sysread(length)

        stdioͳread(2)ѤϤԤʤ. Ϥ줿ǡ
        ޤʸ֤. եνãˤnil֤. 
        read(2)ˤɬlengthХȤʸɤ߹ޤ櫓
        ǤϤʤ. gets()getc()ʤstdioͳ᥽åɤȺѤ
        ȤϥХåե󥰤ʤɤ, פư򤹤뤳Ȥ.

   syswrite(str)

        stdioͳ, wirte(2)ѤƽϤԤʤ. Υ᥽å
        ϥХåե󥰤ʤstdioƤ뤳ȤϰڹԤʤʤ. 
        print()printf()syswrite()ѤΤϿ侩Ǥʤ.

   write(str)

        strϤ. ϤХȿ֤.

Single Methods:

   default

	printprintfΥǥեȤν֤. ͤ$stdout.

   default=

	ǥեȤνꤹ.

*** Kernel(饹)

ƤΥ饹δ쥯饹. RubyȤ߹ߤƤδؿŪ᥽åɤϤΥ
饹Ƥ.

SuperClass: ʤ

Methods:

   ! self

        . Non-nilΥ֥Ȥξ˵(nil)֤. Υ᥽
        ɤNil饹ǤϺ쿿֤.

   equal(other)
   self == other

        ֥ȤΰȽ. 쥷ФȰΰפ, 
        ֤. Kernel饹ǤΥ֥ȤƱλ
        . "=="᥽åɤϳƥ֥Ȥ˱ƺɬפ
        . "=="᥽åɤˤ, hash᥽åɤ⤽˹
        ƺɬפ.

        equal()᥽åɤ"=="᥽åɤ̾, "=="Ǥ
        ֥ȤƱȽԤʤѤ. ä
        equal()᥽åɤϥ֥饹Ǻ٤ǤϤʤ.

   self != other

        "==". "=="᥽åɤƤӽФƤΤ, Ϻ
        ɬפϤʤ.

   self =~ other

        ޥå. ǥեȤ"=="ƱǤ. "=~"caseӤˤѤ
        .

   !~

        "=~". "=~"᥽åɤƤӽФƤΤ, 
        ɬפϤʤ.

   self :: other

        selfotherǤȤĹ2֤. Ȥ
        ̣ [self, other]ƱƯ򤹤뤬, 鷺˸
        Ψɤ. α黻ҤϱǤΤ, a::b::c  (a::(b::c))
        Ȳᤵ.

   is_nil

        ֥ȤnilǤ뤫ɤ. Kernel饹ǤϿ
        . Nil饹ǺƤ.

   id

        ƥ֥ȤФưդFixnum֤. , FixnumϼʬȤ
        Τ, idפƤƱ֥ȤǤ뤳Ȥݾڤʤ.
        Ĥޤ,

		obj1.id == obj2.id

	ΩƤ, ɤ餫FixnumǤ, obj1obj2ƱǤ
	Ȥϸ¤ʤ. , ξFixnumǤʤȤݾڤǤ, 2
	ĤΥ֥ȤƱǤ뤳Ȥϳμ¤Ǥ.

   hash

        ֥ȤΥϥå(Fixnum)֤. Dict饹ǥȤʤ
        ֥ȤǼΤѤƤ.A == BפΩ
        ɬA.hash == B.hashפΩɬפΤ, "=="
        ˤϤ⤽˹碌ƺ뤳.

*** Math(⥸塼)

ư黻򥵥ݡȤ륯饹. Math⥸塼ƱΥ᥽å
ðۥ᥽åɤȤξƤΤ, ðۥ᥽åɤƤӽФƻ
Ȥ, 饹˥󥯥롼ɤƻȤȤȤξǤ.

  :

        pi = Math.atan2(1, 1) * 4;
        include Math
        pi2 = atan2(1, 1)

Methods:
Single Methods:

   atan2(x, y)

        С-ФϰϤX/YΥ󥸥Ȥ֤.

   cos(x)
   sin(x)
   tan(x)

        饸ɽ줿xλѴؿ֤ͤ.

   exp(x)

        xλؿؿ֤ͤ.

   log(x)

        xμп֤.

   log10(x)

        xξп֤.

   sqrt(x)

        xʿ֤. xͤǤˤ㳰ȯ.

   cbrt(x)

        xΩ֤.

*** Module(饹)

⥸塼Υ饹.

SuperClass: Object

Methods:

   attr(name[, public])						+

	Υ⥸塼򥤥󥯥롼ɤ饹Υ󥹥󥹤Ф 
	nameǻꤵ°ղä, °Ф륢᥽åɤ
	. attr("attr")ϰʲ˼ɤȤۤƱǤ.

	  def attr; @attr; end

	άǽ2publicͿ, ĤͤnilǤʤ
	, °ˤ°᥽åɤѰդ, ǽ
	ʤ. attr("attr", %TRUE)ϰʲΥɤȤۤƱǤ.

	  def attr; @attr; end
	  def attr=(val); @attr = val; end

	°᥽åɤ뤳Ȥˤä, ư
	ѹǤ. 㤨

	  attr("test", %TRUE)
	  def test=(val)
	    print("test was ", @test, "\n")
	    print("and now is ", @test = val, "\n")
	  end

	Τ褦°ͤɽ褦ʤȤǽǤ. attr
	ϥ᥽åɤǤƤ, ǥեȤΥ
	᥽åɤʤ.

   to_s

        ⥸塼ʸɽ֤. ⥸塼ξʸɽϥ
        塼̾Ǥ.

*** Nil(饹)

ɽ֥nilΥ饹. ѿ()nilNil饹ͣΥ
󥹥󥹤Ǥ. nil饹ӥ᥽åɤդ뤬, Ӥ
ϢԤʤǤ. ӤϢȤ

        10 < a < 13

Τ褦ʤΤǤ. ӱ黻ҥ᥽åɤϼԤnil֤, 
ϱդΥ֥Ȥ֤Τ, nilӱ黻Ҥ˵֤Ȥˤ
ϢΩ.

SuperClass: Kernel

Methods:

   self + other

	other, ư, ʸ, Τ줫Ǥä,
	other֤. ̤ΰФ뼫ʤ褦Ѱ
	줿᥽åɤǤ.

	  foo		# ͤnil
	  foo += 1	# foo1ˤʤ.

   self >  other
   self >= other
   self <  other
   self <= other

        ϢΤΥ᥽å. nil֤.

   ! self

        ˿֤.

   is_nil

        ˿֤.

*** Numeric(饹)

̤ɽݥ饹.

SuperClass: Object

Included Modules: Comparable

Methods:

   + self

        ֥selfΤΤ֤

   - self

        0 - selfפ֤ͤ. ֥饹ǤΨŪ˺뤳
        ȤԤ.

   abs

	֤ͤ.

   divmod(other)

	Ⱦ;2Ǥ֤.

*** Object(饹)

Ƥ̾說饹Υѥ饹. Υ饹Υ֥饹Ǥʤ饹
KernelNilǤ.

SuperClass: Kernel

Methods:

   is_member_of(class)

        ֥self饹classΥ󥹥󥹤Ǥ,֤.

   is_kind_of(class)

        ֥self饹classΥ֥饹Υ󥹥󥹤
        , ֤.

   clone

        ֥Ȥʣ. FixnumʳΥ饹ξ, 餯
        obj.eqaul(obj.clone)פϵǤ뤬, ¿ξobj ==
        obj.cloneפϿǤ.

   to_s

        ֥Ȥʸɽ֤. Υ᥽åɤŪprint()
        format()᥽åɤѤƤ.

   to_a

	֥ȤѴ. ͥ륯饹Ƥ
	եȤ, Υ֥ȼȤޤ1Ǥ֤.

*** Process(⥸塼)

ץ˴ؤԤʤΥ⥸塼. Math⥸塼Ʊͤ
ƤΥ᥽åɤðۥ᥽åɤȤƤ̾Υ᥽åɤȤƤȤ. 
Processϥץ֥ȤΥ饹ǤϤʤ, ץΥ᥽
ɤޤȤ᤿ΤǤ뤳Ȥդ뤳.

Methods:
Single Methods:

   euid

	ץθߤμ¸UID֤.

   euid=(uid)

	ץθߤμ¸UIDuid˥åȤ.
	
   getpgrp([pid])

	pidǻꤵ줿ץ߽°Ƥץ롼פid
	֤. pidάpid0Ϳϸ߼¹ԤƤ
	оݤˤ.

   getpriority(which, who)

	whichwhoǻꤵץ, ץ롼, 桼θ
	̤֤ͥ. ܺ٤getpriority(2)򻲾. Process⥸塼
	ǤwhichȤƻǤ%PRIO_PROCESS, %PRIO_PGRP,
	%PRIO_USERƤ.

   pid

	ץΥץID֤. ϥƥѿ`$$'ͤƱ
	.

   ppid

	ƥץΥץΥץID֤. UNIXǤľܤοƥץ
	λ, ƥץpid1(initpid)ˤʤ.

   setpgrp(pid, pgrp)

	pidǻꤵ줿ץΥץ롼פpgrpˤ. pid0
	Ϳȸ߼¹Υץоݤˤ.

   setpriority(which, who, prio)

	whichwhoǻꤵץ, ץ롼, 桼θ
	̤ͥprioꤹ. ܺ٤setpriority(2)򻲾ȤΤ.

   uid

	ץθߤμUID֤.

   uid=

	ץθߤμUIDuid˥åȤ.

*** Range(饹)

ϰϥ֥ȤΥ饹. ϰϥ֥Ȥ`..'黻Ҥˤä, 
ŪˤϰʲΤ褦ʻȤ򤹤

        for i in 1..5
          ...
        end

, ξϰʲ®.

        do 1.upto(5)
          ...
        end

ϰϥ֥Ȥ`..'黻ҤξդComparableޤ९饹Υ
󥹥󥹤ǤвǤ⹽ʤ. ϰϤϻȽޤळȤդ
.

SuperClass: Object

Included Modules: Enumerable

Methods:

   self =~ other

        selfotherƱ饹Фϰϥ֥Ȥ, ϰ
        other(start <= other <= end),֤. caseʸ
        ϰϻꤹǤ.  㤨

            case i
              when 1, 3..5
                ...
            end case

        Τ褦ʥɤ񤯤ȤǤ.

   each

        ϰ¸ߤ륪֥ȤͿ륤ƥ졼. forʸΤ
        Ѥ.

   end

        ϰϤν֤

   start

        ϰϤλ֤.

*** Socket(饹)

SuperClass: BasicSocket

åȤΤΤФ륷ƥॳ٥Υ󶡤륯饹.
PerlΥåȤФ륢Ʊ٥εǽ󶡤Ƥ. Υ
Ǥϥåȥɥ쥹pack줿ʸ, ꤹ. UDPåȤϤ
Υ饹ȤäѤ.

Methods:

   accept

	³դ, ³Ф륽åȤ֤.
	accept(2)򻲾.

   bind(addr)

	bind(2)ƱƯ򤹤. addrpack줿åȥɥ쥹¤
	ΤǤ.

   connect(addr)

	connect(2)ƱƯ򤹤. addrpack줿åȥɥ쥹
	¤ΤǤ.

   listen(backlog)

	listen(2)ƱƯ򤹤.

   recv(len, flags)
   send(mesg, flags[, to])
   sysread(len)

Single Methods:

   open(domain, type, protocol)
   new(domain, type, protocol)

	åȤ. domain, type, protocolϥ󥯥롼
	եƤͤǻꤹ. domaintype˴ؤ
	, ʸǻǤ뤬, ٤Ƥ򥫥СƤݾڤϤʤ.

   socketpair(domain, type, protocol)

	åȤΥڥ, 2ǤȤ֤. λ
	openƱǤ.
   
*** Regexp(饹)

ɽΥ饹. ɽΥƥ/.../Ȥɽ, ưŪ
뤿ˤ

        Regexp.compile(ʸ)

Ȥ. , String饹`=~'ϤȤ¿Υ᥽åɤɽ
ؤʸͿ줿ˤŪɽΤ, 
Ȥ󤷤ȻפʳŪȻפȤϾʤ
.

SuperClass: Object

Methods:


   self =~ string

        ɽʸ˥ޥå, ޥå֤֤. ޥå
        ʤnil֤.

   ~ self

        $_ =~ selfפƱ.

Single Methods:

   complie(string)

        ʸɽѴ֥Ȥ֤.

*** BasicSocket(饹)

åȤɽݥ饹. Ūʥåϥ֥饹.
㤨Х󥿡ͥåȥɥᥤξTCPsocketѤ.

SuperClass: IO

Methods:

   getopt(level, optname)

	åȤΥץ. getsockopt(2)򻲾ȤΤ. 
	ץƤޤʸ֤.

   getpeername

	³ΥåȤξ. ѥå줿sockaddr¤
	٥˥פʸ֤. getpeername(2)򻲾ȤΤ.

   getsockname

	åȤξ. ѥå줿sockaddr¤Τ٥˥
	ʸ֤. getsockname(2)򻲾ȤΤ.

   setopt(level, optname, optval)

	åȤΥץꤹ. setsockopt(2)򻲾ȤΤ.

   shutdown(how)

	åȤΰʹߤ³λ. how0Ǥ, ʹߤμ,
	how1Ǥ, ʹߤݤ. how2λˤ, 
	ʹߤ, Ȥ˵ݤ.

*** String(饹)

ʸ󥯥饹. Rubyʸϥ̥륿ߥ͡ȤǤϤʤΤ, Хʥǡ
ⰷ. äƤɤ餫ȤñʤʸȤХǤ. 
λۤ˴Ť, ɽ˴ؤ᥽åɰʳ2byteϤʸռ
Ƥʤ. ϺԤμȴǤϤʤտŪˤƤΤǤ(
Ƥ).

SuperClass: Object

Included Modules: Comparable, Enumerable

Methods:

   self + other

        ʸϢ. Ϣ뤵줿ʸ֤.

   self * times

        ʸη֤. 㤨

            "x" * 4 == "xxxx"

        Ǥ.

   self == other
   self > other

        ʸ. ƥѿ$=nilǤʤˤʸʸ
        ̤ӤԤʤ.

   self =~ other

        ʸΥޥå. otherɽʸ. otherʸξ
        ưŪɽѴ. ޥåϥޥå, 
        ʤänil֤.

   ~ self

        $_ =~ selfפƱ.

   self[nth]
   self[beg..end]
   self[beg,len]

        ƤμФ. 1ܤηǤnthХܤΥǡFixnumȤ
        ֤. 2ܤηǤbegХܤendХܤޤǤʬʸ
        ֤(ξüޤ). 3ܤηǤbegХܤlenХ
        ʬʬʸ֤.

   self[nth] = val
   self[beg..end] = val
   self[beg,len] = val

        Ƥι. 1ܤηǤnthХܤΥǡval ()
        . 2ܤηbegХܤendХܤޤǤʬʸ
        valȤͿ줿ʸ֤. 3ܤηbeg
        ܤlenХʬʬʸvalȤͿ줿ʸ
        ֤.

   chop

        ʸκǸΥХȤڤȤ.

   crypt(salt)

        crypt(3)ѤưŹ沽ʸ֤. salt2ХȰʾĹ
        ǤդʸǤ.

   delete(str)

	ʸΤ, str˴ޤޤʸ. ʸλtr
	ƱͤǤ, a-babޤǤϰϤ, Ƭ^ʸ(
	ޤƤʤΤ)̣.

   each

        ʸ󤫤1Ԥɤ߹Ǥ륤ƥ졼.

   each_byte

        ʸΤ줾ΥХȤˤĤƷ֤ƥ졼.

   gsub(pattern, replace)

        ʸpattern˥ޥåʬreplace֤. 
        ʸreplace&\0ϥޥåʸ, \1..\9nܤ
        ̤Ƥ֤.

   hex

        ʸ16ʿɽʸȲᤷ, Ѵ.

   index(substr[, pos])

        substrǽ˽и֤֤. posͿȤΰ֤鸡
        򳫻Ϥ. Ĥʤˤnil֤.

   intern

	ʸ˰դб֤. ʸϥʥʸޤǤϤ
	ʤ.

   lcfirst

	ʸκǽʸ(줬ե٥åȤǤ), ʸ
	Ѵ.

   length

        ʸĹ(Хȿ)֤.

   next

        ּΡʸ֤. ʸȤϿϿȤ,ʸ
        ʸȤä, 夬νԤʤ줿ԤǤ.

                "aa".next == "ab"
                "99".next == "100"
                "a9".next == "b0"

        Υ᥽åɤRange:eachѤƤΤ, ʲΤ褦ʽ
        ǽǤ.

                for i in "a" .. "ba"
                  print(i, "\n");
                end

        a, b, c, .. aa, .. az, baޤǤƹԤ˽Ϥ.
        

        դʤФʤΤ, νλȽ羮طǤϤʤ
        `=='ȽꤵƤ뤿, `..'黻Ҥκդͤ³ʸ˱
        դʸ󤬴ޤޤƤʤ, ʲΤ褦ʾ̵¥롼פ
        ٤äƤޤ.

                for i in "0" .. "1a"
                  print(i, "\n");
                end

        ԤϤ񤯤ȤˤäǤƨƤ褦ȤƤȹͤ
        ⤤뤫⤷ʤ. ο¬.

   oct

        ʸ8ʿɽʸȲᤷ, Ѵ.  8ʿ
        /[0-7]+/Ǥ, ƤϤޤʤʸФƤ
        0֤. perlȤϰäʸ0xϤޤäƤ뤫Ȥä
        16ʿȸʤƤ줿Ϥʤ. 8ʿǤϤʤΤ0
        ֤.

   reverse

        ʸγƥХȤս¤٤ʸ֤. ʸ2ХȤ
        ʸޤǤƤ⤪ʤ˥Хñ̤ȿž. 
        split2Хʸ򤹤Τ, 2Хʸޤʸʸ
        ñ̤ȿžˤ

                "ʸ".split(//).reverse.join("")

        ȤФ褤.

   rindex(substr[, pos])

        ʸsubstrǸ˽и֤֤. posͿȤΰ
        Ǹλ. Ĥʤˤnil֤. indexȤ
        1)ʸ鸡. 2)substrȤɽդ
        ʤ. 2Ǥ.

   split([sep[, limit]])

        ʸsepǻꤵ줿ѥˤä, եɤʬ䤹.
        sepά줿ΥǥեȤϥƥѿ`$;'ͤѤ
        . limitꤵ줿ˤϺlimitĤΥեɤʬ䤹.
        split()ʬ䤵줿ʸޤ֤. sepǻꤵ줿ѥ
        󤬶ʸȥޥåʸ1ʸĤʬ䤵.

   squeeze([str])

	ʸΤ, str˴ޤޤʸϢ³Ƥ, ʸ˰
	̤. strά줿, ٤ƤʸоݤȤ. ʸ
	λtrƱͤǤ, `a-b'abޤǤϰϤ, Ƭ`^'
	ʸ(ޤޤƤʤΤ)̣.

   strip

	ʸζ.

   sub(pattern, replace)

        ʸpattern˥ޥåʬreplace֤. ִʸ
        replace&\0ϥޥåʸ, \1..\9nܤγ
        Ƥ֤. sub()gsub()Ȱۤʤ, ǽΥޥå
        ִ.

   to_f

        ʸFloatѴ.

   to_i

        ʸ10ʿɽʸȲᤷ, Ѵ.

   toupper
   uc

        ʸΥե٥åȤʸ֤. ʸ
        뤳Ȥ. tr("a-z", "A-Z")꾯®.

   tolower
   lc

        ʸΥե٥åȤƾʸ֤. ʸ
        뤳Ȥ. tr("A-Z", "a-z")꾯®.

   tr(search, replace)

        ʸsearchʸ˴ޤޤʸ¸ߤ, replaceʸ
        бʸ֤. replaceʸ󤬾ά줿
        ϶ʸͿ줿ȸʤ. replaceʸsearchʸ
        ûreplaceʸκǸʸ֤Ƥȸ
        . searchʸûˤбʸΤʤreplace
        ñ̵뤵(BSDtrư).

	searchʸ, replaceʸ`a-b'Ȥ줿, 
	abޤǤϰϤʸASCIIξǻꤷȤˤʤ.  
	, searchʸκǽʸ`^'Ǥ, ³ʸ*ޤ
	ʤ*ʸִоݤˤʤ.

	tr(1)εǽΤ, ʸ뵡ǽ, Ϣ³ʸ򰵽̤
	ǽ̤Υ᥽åɤʬ䤵Ƥ. εǽˤĤƤ
	delete, squeeze򻲾ȤΤ.

	ؤΤ, str.tr(src,repl).squeeze(repl)᥽å
	tr_s(src,repl) 󶡤Ƥ.

   ucfirst

	ʸκǽʸ(줬ե٥åȤǤ), ʸ
	Ѵ.

   unpack(template)

        ʸtemplateʸˤäƥѥå, Ǥ
        ޤ֤. templateʸArray饹pack᥽åɤȤ
        ƱͤǤ.

          a     ASCIIʸ(³nullʸ䥹ڡĤ)
          A     ASCIIʸ(³nullʸ䥹ڡ)
          b     ӥåȥȥ(̥ӥåȤ̥ӥå)
          B     ӥåȥȥ(̥ӥåȤ鲼̥ӥå)
          h     16ʸ(̥˥֥뤬)
          H     16ʸ(̥˥֥뤬)
          c     char
          C     unsigned char
          s     sort
          S     unsigned sort
          i     int
          I     unsigned int
          l     long
          L     unsigned int
          n     ͥåȥХȥshort
          N     ͥåȥХȥlong
          f     ñư(¸)
          d     ư(¸)
          x     1ХɤФ
          X     1Хȸ
          @     а֤ؤΰư

Single Methods:

   new(string)

	stringƱƤĿʸ֤.

*** Struct(饹)

¤Υ饹. ʣΥǡޤȤѤ(: Time::times). 
ǡޤȤˤ󥯥饹Ѥ뤳Ȥ⤢뤬(: select),
¤ΤȤ٤ϰʲΤ褦ʾǤ.

  (1) Ǥο¿

      ʹ֤٤ưפ˰복ǰο7ĤޤǤǤȤ⤬. 
      β˽, ǡ4İʾξѤ, 
      *2(ĤޤꥪեåȤȤΰ̣)7ۤ. ä, Τ褦
      ˤϹ¤ΤȤä򤷤䤹Ȼפ.

  (2) Ʊ̤ʤ

      ¤Τ㴳Ȥ⤤Τ, ®٤ˤʤ
      ˤ, (Ʊ̤ʤ)Ϲ¤ΤλѤŬڤǤʤ
      ǽ.

ƹ¤Τˤϥ̾Ʊ̾ΰΤʤ᥽åɤƤ.

ܥɥ, ¤Τɽ뤿ˤϰʲηȤ.

  struct ¤̾
     ...
  end

, ץǤηǹ¤Τ櫓ǤϤʤ.

SuperClass: Object

Included Modules: Enumerable

Methods:

   self[idx]

	idxλidxܤǤ֤. idxʸλidxƱ̾
	ΥФǤ֤.

   values

	¤ΤΥФͤǤ˻֤. 㤨аʲΥɤ
	ʬpasswdȥϤ뤳ȤǤ.

	  print(Etc.getpwuid().values.join(":"), "\n")

	νϤ`grep "$USER" /etc/passwd'νϤ;ʬʥեɤ
	Ĥ(ƥˤäưۤʤ)ʳƱǤ.

Single Methods:

   new(name, member::value...)

	nameȤ̾Ĺ¤Τ. memberϹ¤ΤΥФ
	ɽʸǤ, valueϤͤǤ. 줿¤Τϥ
	Фǻꤵ줿̾ðۥ᥽åɤƤ, Υ᥽å
	ˤäƥФƤ뤳ȤǤ.

*** TCPserver(饹)

TCP/IPȥ꡼෿³Υ¦ΥåȤΥ饹. Υ饹ˤä
ñ˥åȤѤФΥץߥ󥰤Ǥ. 㤨echo
ФϰʲΤ褦ˤʤ.

 gs = TCPserver.open(4444)
 socks = [gs]

 while %TRUE
   nsock = select(socks);
   if nsock == nil; continue end
   for s in nsock[0]
     if s == gs
       socks.push(s.accept)
     else
       if s.eof
 	 s.close
	 socks.delete(s)
       else
	 str = s.gets
	 s.write(str)
       end
     end
   end
 end

SuperClass: TCPsocket

Methods:

   accept

	饤Ȥ³׵դ, ³TCPsocketΥ
	󥹤֤.

Single Methods:

   new([host, ]service)
   open([host, ]service)

	service/etc/services(ޤNIS)ϿƤ륵ӥ̾
	ݡֹǻꤹ. hostꤷϻꤷۥȤ
	³դ. άƤΥۥȤ³׵
	.

*** TCPsocket

󥿡ͥåȥɥᥤΥȥ꡼෿åȤΥ饹. ̾IO饹
֥饹ƱͤϤǤ. Υ饹ˤäƥåȤѤ
饤Ȥñ˵ҤǤ. 桼Ϥ򤽤ΤޤޥФž
ϰʲΤ褦ˤʤ.

 s = TCPsocket("localhost", 4444)
 while gets()
   s.write($_)
   print(s.read)
 end

SuperClass: BasicSocket

Methods:

   addr

	åȤ³ɽ֤. γǤ1
	ʸ "AF_INET", 2Ǥportֹ, 3ǤۥȤɽʸ
	Ǥ.

   peeraddr

	³襽åȤξɽ֤. γǤ
	addr᥽åɤ֤ƱǤ.

Single Methods:

   open(host, service)
   new(host, service)

	hostǻꤷۥȤserviceǻꤷݡȤ³
	Ȥ֤. hostϥۥ̾, ޤϥ󥿡ͥåȥɥ쥹򼨤ʸ
	, service/etc/services(ޤNIS)ϿƤ륵
	̾ݡֹǤ.

*** Time(饹)

֤ɽ饹. 羮ӤʤɤǤ. Time.nowǸߤλ֤뤳
Ǥ. ޤեΥॹפ᥽åɤͤ⤳Υ
Υ󥹥󥹤Ǥ.

SuperClass: Object

Included Modules: Comparable

Methods:

   self == other
   self > other

        otherTimeΥ󥹥󥹤. Ϳ줿
        ˤ1970ǯ 1 1 00:00:00 GMTÿǤ
        ƻȤӤԤʤ.

   asctime
   ctime
   to_s

        date(1)ʸѴ.

   gmtime

        ॾνԤʤʤGMTǤλ. Υ᥽å
        ȤäTime饹Υ󥹥󥹤, ʸλѴGMT
        Ԥʤ. gmtimeϼʬȤ֤.

	ɥλɽˤ

	  print(Time.now.gmtime, "\n")

	ȤФ褤.

   localtime

        ॾνԤʤä(ǥե). localtime
        ⼫ʬȤ֤.

   to_i
   tv_sec

        1970ǯ 1 1 00:00:00 GMTޤǤÿ֤. 
        secondʬǤ⤢.

   sec
   min
   hour
   mday
   year
   wday
   yday
   zone
   isdst

        ŪݻƤtm¤ΤƤ֤. zoneʳ֤. 
        zoneϥॾɽʸ֤. (cf localtime(3))

   strftime(format)

        formatʸ˽äʸѴ̤֤.  format
        ʸȤƻǤΤ ʲ̤Ǥ.

                %A      ̾(Sunday, Monday,...)
                %a      ξά̾(Sun, Mon,...)
                %B      ̾(January, February,...)
                %b      ξά̾(Jan, Feb,...)
                %c      ɽ(cf ctime(3))
                %d      ʿǤ(01-31)
                %H      24λ(00-23)
                %I      12λ(01-12)
                %j      ǯ̻(001-366)
                %M      ʬ(00-59)
                %m      ɽ(01-12)
                %p      ޤϸ(AM,PM)
                %S      (00-61)
                %U      ɽ. ǽ1
                        Ϥޤ(00-53)
                %W      ɽ. ǽη1
                        Ϥޤ(00-53)
                %w      ɽ. 0(0-6)
                %X      (: 15:01:06)
                %x      (: Fri Jan 14 1994)
                %Y      ɽ
                %y      β2(00-99)
                %Z      ॾ
                %%      % 

   usec
   tv_usec

        micro secondʬ֤.

Single Methods:

   now

        ߤλɽTime饹Υ󥹥󥹤.

   at(time)

        timeƱɽTime饹Υ󥹥󥹤. time
        Time饹Υ󥹥󥹤뤤Ͽ(/ư)Ǥ, 
        ξ1970ǯ 1 1 00:00:00 GMTÿǤȤƻ
        ׻.

   times

        ߤΥץȤλҥץ񤷤桼/ƥCPU
        ѻ¤ΤȤ֤(Struct򻲾).

	  struct tms
	    utime	# ץΥ桼
	    stime	# ץΥƥ
	    cutime	# ҥץΥ桼
	    cstime	# ҥץΥƥ
	  end

	֤ñ̤äǤ, ưͿ. ܺ٤
        times(3C)򻲾ȤΤ.

*** UNIXserver

UNIXȥ꡼෿³Υ¦ΥåȤΥ饹.

SuperClass: UNIXsocket

Methods:

   accept

	饤Ȥ³׵դ, ³UNIXsocketΥ
	󥹤֤.

*** UNIXsocket

UNIXɥᥤΥȥ꡼෿åȤΥ饹. ̾IO饹Υ֥饹
ƱͤϤǤ.

SuperClass: BasicSocket

Methods:

   addr

	åȤ³ɽ֤. γǤ1
	ʸ "AF_UNIX", 2ǤpathǤ.

   path

	UNIXåȤΥѥ֤.

   peeraddr

	³襽åȤξɽ֤. γǤ
	addr᥽åɤ֤ƱǤ.

Single Methods:

   open(path)
   new(path)

	pathǻꤷѥ̾Ѥ³åȤ֤.

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Local variables:
fill-column: 70
end:
